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Marshmallow Mania and the Cult of 240F.
Big Mallow is a cabal that's been spreading disinformation. 240F is a big, fat, arbitrary lie.
(
tl;dr: Marshmallow Mania hit me, and I spent 20+ hours making marshmallows. My findings suggest that the texture of marshmallows is dependent on the sum total proportions of the marshmallow ingredients, not the degree of sugar syrup heating. 240F is an arbitrary syrup temperature, and is used across the board for relatively similar ingredient proportions.)
A short time ago, I was developing my "egg yolk-based marshmallow"/marshyellow recipe (still needs a bit of tweaking). I was doing some research, and noticed something kind of...odd about the information regarding a specific step.
Here's the Wikipedia entry for making marshmallows that gave me pause, courtesy of Chocolates and confections: Formula, theory, and technique for the artisan confectioner: Anything jump out at you? No? That might be because you haven't read a variety of marshmallow recipes.
Bruno aside, they ALL place marshmallows at 238F-240F. I've seen a lot of marshmallow recipes in my time, and I've NEVER seen Wikipedia's method of 227F. (And I was so confused by Bruno's recipe...265F was way higher than any I'd seen. But we'll come back to this.)
Wait, it gets even more confusing.
My confusion kept growing with every article I read. Everyone's telling me something different. Recipes that call for soft-ball! No, proclaim the sugar syrup stages, firm-ball or hard-ball! And for some reason, Wikipedia's telling me the THREAD stage is what you want. This was perturbing; if baking is a science, my impression of candy making is that of analytical chemistry. It's precise, exact, and demands strict adherence to the recipe beyond what baking asks and cajoles. I was under the impression that the sugar syrup's concentration is critical to somehow correctly forming marshmallows. So what's going on here? Why's everyone using the same temperature in their recipes, despite background info to the contrary?
Clearly, there's a conspiracy being perpetrated by Big Mallow. They're trying to keep us in the dark, to prevent us from tinkering with marshmallow recipes.
So I...um...made a ton of marshmallows to figure this out. (pictured: about 2/3 of every batch I made, along with some marshyellow variants) Marshmallow Mania reigned supreme, and I spent an ungodly amount of time making them for both this experiment, and for my marshyellow recipe improvement. I'll also note that I had to eat an ungodly number of the stupid clouds of sugar and fluff, and would gladly never consume another so long as I draw breath.
First, to determine if you can make marshmallows at all of the claimed stages.
I checked my thermometer in a pot of boiling water to ensure accurate readings. Then I made batches of marshmallows at varying sugar syrup temperatures.
Here's my recipe and methodology (base recipe is based on a scaled-down version of Migoya's 'mallows):
8g powdered gelatin
47g cold water
110g granulated, white sugar
120g corn syrup
50g water
3g salt
~2.5mL vanilla extract
In the bowl of a stand mixer, bloom the gelatin in the cold water. Combine sugar, corn syrup, and water in a saucepan. Heat to (VARIABLE) temperature, and slowly add to bloomed gelatin, while whipping on medium-low speed. Turn mixer speed to max, and whip for exactly five minutes, adding the salt and vanilla halfway through. Using a greased spatula, scoop as much batter as possible into a greased pan, and use a greased offset spatula to smooth the top. Let sit for a minimum of 8 hours to cure, then cut into cubes and coat in an equal mixture (w/w) of cornstarch and powdered sugar.
Between each batch, I scrupulously cleaned all utensils with hot water to avoid sugar crystal residue.
Left-to-right: 225F. 230F, 240F, 245F, 250F, 262F After coating, the marshmallows were stored at room temperature in ziploc bags to maintain freshness/moisture contents.
The most apparent conclusion is that, yes, you can ABSOLUTELY make marshmallows at varying sugar syrup stages. Well, in a sense. They're all "marshmallows", in the sense that they're masses of aerated, gelatinized sugar blobs. I'm sure plenty of people have their own personal textural notions of what a "marshmallow" should be. But here are the differences:
Volume: Due to what I imagine is increased viscosity (due to decreased water concentrations of the syrup), the volume of batter decreases proportionally to elevated sugar temps.
Here, you can see the two extremes, 225F vs 262F. Weight: The lower temps allowed for increased aeration, which resulted in larger yields of 'mallow, and there's a downward trend corresponding to total batch weights and increased syrup temps. (225F->262F respectively, 249g, 242g, 222g, 211g, 203g, 165g)
Texture: The higher the syrup temp, the chewier and more "taffy-like" the marshmallow. Charybdis, my poor stand mixer, had a tough time whipping the 262F, that stuff was t h i c c. In contrast, the 225F melts in your mouth, with barely any chew. Far more pillowy, jiggly, etc.
Caramelization: The lower the syrup temp, the higher the final moisture content.
Held 10cm away from a torch, I noticed that it took slightly longer to caramelize the lower temp marshmallows. I wonder if there's also an aeration-based insulation factor at work (given the apparent increase in aeration in the lower-temp syrups).
So now I knew you can make marshmallows at most sugar syrup stages (I haven't tried soft-crack and upwards, I fear for my stand mixer's health after the 262F). Then I had a thought: what if the sugar syrup was a function of achieving a specific texture?
Enter the final experiment. Let's take the taffymallows of 262F and see if we can turn them into 230F squishmallows. At 262F, the sugar concentration is ~92%, and at 230F, it's ~80%. I calculated the amount of water lost at 262F, and added an amount of water to the gelatin that would correspond to the concentration at 230F. I figured it's easier to work "backwards", ie, make a higher temp identical to a lower temp. Going "forwards" might create an issue where reducing the water added to the gelatin leads to insufficient bloom. I don't thiiink you can "over-bloom" gelatin, so I doubt the reverse is true.
Well.
Here's the faux-230F with the real 230F::
[Compare the volume difference of the
faux-230F to the
262F and the 225F. By visual inspection, they were about double in volume to the original 262F!
And the texture was near-identical in nature to the 230F. The former were ever-so-slightly softer and "meltier", but they were also made a day or so after the latter, and I'm convinced that this accounts for the minor discrepancy. The final batch weights were identical too, suggesting similar aeration percentages.
(Note: The fact that they're
identical is a happy coincidence. There will be minor discrepancies due to unequal scooping of the batter into the pans, as well as additional mass from the sugacornstarch mixture. I cut all the batches into similar size cubes, so the surface areas would be similar, and they'd pick up similar quantities of the mixture.)
Suddenly, Bruno's aberrant 265F temperature made sense. His recipe uses egg whites in addition to gelatin, and egg whites are ~90% water. He heats his syrup to a much higher stage to compensate for the additional moisture content. I imagine that if you followed his recipe to a T, but stuck with good ol' 240F, the marshmallows would barely have much structure, and would be closer to the 225F squishmallows than what you'd typically want out of a marshmallow.
I did a repeat experiment with a different final hydration stage: 262F to 240F. The results were the same as before: I compared the product to my 262F and 240F marshmallows, and again, the faux-240F were no different than the real 240F (save, again, for a near-imperceptible difference for the same given reason as before).
Now, I refuse to say "I conclude X to be true", because my experiment isn't rigorous in the least. I didn't repeat each step numerous times, testing every possible extreme, I didn't test every potential example, etc. I would, but I think I'd go nuts, as I'd have an issue juggling this with my full-time job and other hobbies. I also nearly ran out of my 1lb tub of gelatin. So I'm going to leave it as "the data
suggests that..."
But the general idea this all suggests - aside from me being crazy - is that you can alter marshmallow recipes to achieve a texture
you prefer simply by changing either the syrup temperature, or the gelatin hydration. If you found a nice recipe for egg white marshmallows, but find them too soft for your liking, you can decrease the gelatin hydration within reason, and/or increase the sugar syrup temperature by some amount to make them chewier and more stable. If you don't mind the bit of math, you use this info to take more control of the marshmallow process.
I'm still not sure why people so unanimously use 240F as their temperature. I can imagine a scenario where Head Chef tells their underlings "Heat it to 240F, because [something something reasonable-yet-incorrect explanation]", and everyone follows HC's lead and reasoning. They move up the ranks, and proliferate HC's recipes, and if challenged about the reasoning, refer to HC's expertise to bolster their claims.
Look how many differing explanations people have about brownie skin/crust formation: It's easier to pull from your combined experience and instinct, and offer up a reasonable explanation, than to rigorously experiment your way to the answer. Or maybe there's actually a cult, I dunno.
But anyhow, thus concludes the week of the marshmallow. Please subject to peer review if you're also marshmallow-obsessed. I'd love additional insights and data!
submitted by Fluffy_Munchkin to Cooking [link] [comments]
How to Survive Camping - old habits die hard
I run a private campground. One of the things I have to think about is fire management. Obviously, there’s a lot of wood around here. And obviously, if the campground goes up in flames, I lose my livelihood. I do some land management to protect against that by clearing out dry underbrush periodically and put in rules about fire pits and my staff make routine inspections to make sure they’re followed. Many of you have suggested using fire as a weapon against the inhuman things and each time I point out that this
is a forest and while we don’t have a lot of dry wood, the odds of the entire thing going up are not zero.
And then I went and threw a molotov cocktail into a room entirely made of wood.
In my defense, it wasn’t
technically in the campground. Only very technically.
If you’re new here, you should really
start at the beginning and if you’re totally lost,
this might help. Beau’s assistance had cleared the thorns from my body. I spent a miserable few days coughing up plant matter. At least it’s winter so we don’t have much work to do and I could sit in my house and play video games as a distraction. I’m super obsessed with Octopath Traveler right now.
There were still the thorns planted throughout the campground to deal with, however. I wasn’t terribly worried. We had the stone, the one that contained the thorn’s death, and all I had to do was summon Beau and figure out what the next step was.
Of course, when I summoned him, he didn’t show. I had even made hot chocolate with a bit of Bailey’s. So I drank it all myself and then fueled by booze and a sugar high, I went tromping through the snow to find him.
The thought of him being in danger or otherwise unable to respond was only a vague worry. He’s been elusive ever since I refused to go to the harvesters. It’s hard to tell if he’s angry at me or just being moody. It certainly isn’t because I’m good enough with a knife that I don’t need his help anymore. I intended to ask him what the problem was, once I found him. I decided to walk along the road through the deep woods, as that was both the safest place and where he tended to be found.
It took a few days of hiking around the campsite, but I eventually found Beau. He was up ahead on the road, waiting for me. As I approached, he turned and began walking again, so that I could catch up and we walked along side-by-side.
“I haven’t seen you much,” I said tentatively.
“I’m avoiding you.”
“That’s obvious.”
I waited, but no explanation was forthcoming.
“Did I… upset you?”
He seemed genuinely confused as to why, so I explained how I saw the situation. How I’d ignored his suggestion and gone to the hall of the gummy bears instead. He gave a soft laugh at that and reminded me - once again - that he was not human.
“Why would I take offense?” he asked. “You made a choice that was yours to make.”
“Then why are you avoiding me?”
We walked along in silence for a bit more and the only sound was the packed snow crunching beneath our feet. I was careful to keep some distance between us, keenly aware that my mere presence was contrary to his nature. Like magnets, I thought, pushing each other away.
“You’re marked for death,” he finally sighed. “It hovers over your head like a halo. Here is my mark, wrought of blood.”
He stepped close and gestured, his hand passing through the space a few inches from my hair.
“There are more, now. All of these bargains and debts you’ve accumulated, twisting together into a cord that will someday settle tight around your neck and take away your life.”
“And you’re bound to me,” I whispered.
He took a single step backwards, dropping his hand by his side, his expression grim.
“I feel the fomorian’s mark upon me as well. I do not care to accumulate more.”
I asked him to describe them to me. He hesitated, and then very reluctantly, told me a few. One of shadow, trailing in the wind as if the slightest breeze would eradicate it. I suppose that’s what happens when the person who made that mark is trapped inside the thing in the dark. Good riddance to him. Another of iron, shattered now, and crumbling. The lady with extra eyes. One of thorns, marking the intent of the fomorian.
And of course, a crown of teeth. A very old crown, passed down along the family line. The claim of the beast.
There were more, he said, but he refused to elaborate. He seemed uneasy, as if merely describing them was more familiarity than he cared to have. I didn’t press. Honestly, I’m not sure I want to know exactly how many creatures have it out for me. I’d probably never sleep again out of paranoia.
He soon turned off the road and into the woods. I followed a bit more slowly, struggling through the deep snow. The temperature has been in the teens lately, with the windchill bringing it down to single digits. I envied Beau and his total indifference to the cold.
He led me to a patch of thorns. It was one I knew of already and had tried to uproot. The snow around it was mixed with loose soil from earlier attempts. Let me tell you - it is really tough to dig up bushes in the middle of the winter with the ground as frozen as it is.
Beau extended his cup and held it up over the thorns. He tilted it, slowly, until a thin stream of liquid poured forth. It steamed in the cold air and melted the snow where it struck the ground at the base of the thorns.
“Is that it?” I asked softly. “This will kill them?”
“Yes. My cup carries the stone’s essence and the roots of the thorns will drink deeply of their own death.”
“I’m surprised you’re helping me so directly.”
“It’s not just for you,” he replied, his eyes narrowed as he watched the contents of his skull steam in the snow. “This is my home and as you recall, I am unable to leave it. I have no desire to be ruled by a tyrant.”
A thought occurred to me.
“Do the other inhabitants feel the same?”
“Of course. Do you recall how the musician saved you from the horse?”
Ah. I’d not thought too much of it at the time. I was helping them out with the children, after all, so it stood to reason that they’d want to repay the favor by saving my life. We stood in silence for a bit longer, watching the thorns shrivel into withered, dry branches where the liquid from Beau’s cup had touched them. I could only imagine the roots were now doing the same. Tentatively, I reached out and tapped one of the afflicted branches. It broke off as if it were made of spun sugar and smashed into dust when it landed in the snow. As if it’d been dead for centuries.
“Could I get help from the other inhabitants of the campground?” I asked. “I know the fairy doesn’t want help, but we still have to deal with the formorian’s indirect effects on the land.”
“Don’t,” Beau replied sharply. “You would only endanger them. They won’t take such a risk.”
“You’re helping me,” I said pointedly.
He grunted and turned his back to me, walking back towards the road.
“I was already marked by my association with you,” he said.
When I was trapped in the dream that the master of the vanishing house had wove for me, I told it that I could not love it, for everything I love dies. It feels like another lifetime ago. I withdrew my hand from the bush and stuffed it in my pocket as I hastily followed Beau.
He went from bush to bush, repeating the process with each. After a few more I realized that my presence was entirely unnecessary and probably even annoying to him, so I awkwardly thanked him and excused myself.
I went back to the house and played more video games. I only felt a little guilty about it.
The next day I stumbled into the kitchen and brewed coffee. Then, mug in hand, I went to the kitchen table and pulled back the curtains to get some early morning sunlight.
Beau was standing directly outside.
I screamed in surprise and dropped my mug. It was my “Live, Laugh, Love” mug that I took from the camp lost and found so it wasn’t a huge loss. We wind up with quite a few mugs in lost and found and hardly any of them get claimed. After a year they become camp property. I can’t remember the last time I
bought myself a mug.
I invited Beau in while I cleaned up the mess. He hovered uncomfortably in the archway between the kitchen and the living room, not saying anything. Only when I was done mopping up coffee did I turn and ask him what he wanted.
He presented his cup in mute explanation. Only a small drop of liquid remained inside.
“Where’s the pebble?” I asked, going to get my sharpest kitchen knife.
“I still have it, in case the fomorian plants more thorns.”
Blood from that which was already there. Blood freely given. I held out my palm and let my blood drop into the cup.
“Where do you plan on getting the blood forcibly taken?” I asked softly.
I wasn’t sure I wanted to know. The only staff on site during the winter were my most trusted people, like Ed and Bryan. I didn’t want any of them to be targets.
“I want to leave the campground.”
I sucked in an involuntary breath. He wanted to take blood from someone outside my land. One of the townspeople, perhaps. They’d thrown an uproar over him poisoning a few people on Halloween. I hated to think how they’d react to him
stabbing someone.
“Do you have someone in mind?” I asked.
“I do.” “Will you kill them?”
“Will my answer change your decision?”
No. It would not. I
needed Beau. And Perchta’s warning… well, it was not so black and white as I’d assumed. There was some flexibility here.
I wish I were surprised by how easily I slipped back into old habits. The same old rationalizations. Better someone else’s life than my own. Better a stranger’s life than someone I know. It feels inevitable that I would resort to this. It takes more than a threat to turn someone into a good person.
I won’t apologize. I won’t make excuses. You know what kind of person I am. I did the calculations, weighed my options, and this is what I chose.
I got my car keys and told Beau to come with me.
We went to someone that lived on the outskirts of town. It took a while to get there, as Beau couldn’t tell me what roads to turn on. He could only give directions in a vague sense, such as east or west. At least he was patient. He barely moved, sitting in the passenger seat, not wearing a seatbelt, with his cup cradled against his chest. Finally, he told me we’d arrived and I pulled into the driveway of a small house surrounded by a stretch of overgrown field that was subsequently swallowed up by forest. A black pickup truck was parked in the gravel driveway.
Beau got out. I stayed where I was for a moment, nervously holding onto the steering wheel, and then I reluctantly followed him. Better if I saw this through. I had to know what I’d done.
He knocked on the door. A man in his late forties, perhaps, answered. His hair was thinning. He squinted at Beau suspiciously.
And Beau… gestured with one hand. Just a simple half-twist of his wrist.
The man coughed. Blood spurted out of his mouth. It streamed from his nose. And my insides twisted with horror as his eyes began to leak blood, as it spilled out through his tear ducts. It beaded up on his forehead, forced out through every one of his pores. It streamed out of him through every available channel, soaking his clothing, dripping from his ears, and he twitched and shook and choked as his skin grew white and his heart raced and then finally collapsed on itself.
He landed face-first onto the pavement of his porch. The blood floated above him as a red mist and Beau made another subtle gesture, directing it to gracefully stream like a river through the air and into his cup. There was far more blood than the vessel could contain - an entire human body’s worth - but the cup never overflowed. It filled and filled, brilliant crimson like a ruby, until there was none left to take.
The bloodless corpse lay on the ground with not a mark on it to indicate what had happened.
I realized that my hands were trembling. I struggled to move, to find my voice. Beau turned around and faced me and there was a soft, satisfied smile on his face.
“Have you
always been able to do that?” I demanded, my voice coming out higher than I’d prefer, betraying my panic.
“Yes.”
The expression on the man’s face was burned into my mind. His desperate agony, tears of blood streaming down his cheeks, his body rigid as his own blood clawed its way free of his veins. I tried to banish it with something else. Anything else.
“So the time I found a body like that and spent three weeks hanging garlic up everywhere thinking we had a vampire on the campground… that was
you?”
“Yes.”
I took a breath, trying to calm my nerves.
“Do you have any idea how much I spent on garlic?!”
“Do I
care?”
I whirled away from him and stalked back to the car, digging my hands into my hair. Okay, the garlic didn’t matter. I just… that was what came to my mind first. Trying to bury what I’d just seen in something more mundane, I suppose. Trying to distract myself from the fact that Beau could kill people in a far more horrifying way than simply slitting their throat or fatally poisoning them.
At least it was relatively fast. I took a deep breath and opened my car door. He’d threatened me with worse when I first met him.
It was a tense drive back to the campground. When we were back on familiar roads I thought to ask Beau why he’d chosen this person, specifically.
“He double-parks.”
“And?”
He glanced at me in mild surprise.
“What else do you need?”
“Are you
kidding me? I just let you murder someone because they
double-park?”
“Murder?” His tone was sharp. “You let me refill my cup. I drained it to save your land. You ensured my
survival.”
Whatever it takes. The family tradition. My grandfather killed his share to protect our land. My parent’s hands certainly weren’t clean. And nor are mine.
I wish I could say that was the end of it. That I let Beau out once we were back at my house and he wandered off and nothing else happened. But what we’d done was not going to go unnoticed.
I stayed up late that night. I was awake because I was playing video games and making yet
another attempt at killing that damn direwolf in Octopath Traveler, like seriously, why is that thing so hard to kill? I must be doing something wrong. So after watching my party get their faces ripped off for like the fifth time I finally turned the TV off and went to bed. It was midnight. The little girl was crying softly by the window.
I’d barely climbed into bed when she stopped. I froze. That was
never a good sign.
“Oh no,” the little girl whispered. “No no no no.”
I acted on instinct. I threw myself out of bed and took cover behind it. The little girl screamed in fright and then my window shattered. The house shook with the impact. For a moment everything was still, save for the tinkling of some glass remnants striking the ground and the wild sobbing of the little girl.
Then…
“Campground manager!” the fomorian bellowed.
My blood ran cold. I felt frozen in place, cowering there next to the bed. The fomorian’s voice came at a distance. It wasn’t over the house’s property line, at least.
“I will find the one that killed my thorns at your behest!” it continued. “I will drag him here and I will tear him apart, little by little, and eat him alive. You will be helpless to watch and know what fate awaits you.”
Then I heard the cry of a horse and the sound of hoofbeats, receding into the distance. A warning. This was only a warning.
The fomorian intended to kill Beau.
Tentatively, I stood and turned on the bedside light. There was a body wedged through the broken window. It couldn’t fit through the frame, but it’d shattered the glass and now its head and part of its upper body was stuck. The hood of its garment mercifully covered its face, for I recognized it by its bulk.
One of the musicians. The fomorian had killed one of the dancer’s musicians. And, my heart sinking, I knew that it had to be the one that had rescued me from the dapple-gray stallion’s hooves.
I kill everything I love. Everything that gets close to me.
I’m a campground manager. I am also my mother’s daughter and the product of generations that believed life was expendable and we were but prey to these inhuman things. Herd animals, and sometimes one of our own had to be sacrificed to save the rest.
I’m certain that the new sheriff will find out about the body. She might not assume it was me, but I’ll be involved regardless. My family always is, when an odd death occurs. She’ll send the old sheriff because he’s better at dealing with me. And then what? Do I lie to him? I could. I think he’d believe me. I’ve gotten quite good at lying over the years doing this job.
It’s odd, how the thought of lying to him bothers me more than murdering that man did. I suppose that’s a consequence of sentimentality.
Sometimes I think I feel too little and sometimes I wish I didn’t feel so much. I’m starting to think… that maybe I’m a little more messed up inside than I thought.
Do I love Beau? I… would be sad if he were gone. Even after seeing what he did to that man. The need to refill his cup was real, but the criteria with which he chose his victim was… petty. That, I think, is cruelty. Beau is cruel. I can not defend him. Yet humans are stupid, emotional things and we form attachments without even realizing it until one day we realize how painful their absence will be. We bond with animals, with plants, and with people that don’t even exist - a character in a video game or a book.
I suppose I love Beau in the same way I love the barn cat with the kinked tail or the plant that my uncle gave me or Therion in Octopath Traveler.
I don’t want him to die.
[x] Read the full list of rules. Visit the campground's website. submitted by fainting--goat to nosleep [link] [comments]
A SIR_JACK_A_LOT Christmas Carol - My magnum dong opus on turning $35K to $1.75M (50X) in less than a year
| How I went from $35K to $1.75M (50X) in less than a year Gather 'round retards and autists. Grab a mug of eggnog, find a cozy corner in your mom's basement, and enjoy the tale of SIR JACK A LOT. In this post: I'll go over my trading history, my strategy, my philosophy, and also systematically destroy every accusation and idiotic question made against me in the last week WITH RECEIPTS. No one doubts motherfuckin SIR JACK A LOT. Disclaimers Privacy is important to me. I wish to stay anonymous. This is not financial advice, just my story. Ghosts of Christmas Past Chapter 1: Crypto (2017-18) How it all started... I threw every last dollar I had in ETH at $12 and swing traded a ton of shit coins and ICOs until it all came crashing down. In short: turned $8K into $300K and back to $30k but owed the IRS ~$120K since all the gains were calculated at 2017-year-end. I royally fucked myself because I didn't set any money aside for taxes. Ended up in debt to some very bad people and things were very dark, I don't like to talk about this time in my life that much. Chapter 2: WSB Tuition (2018) First learned about WSB in 2018 from the infamous FB ER put play by YungBillionaire turning ~$28K into $451K overnight. That sounded fun. Quickly learned about options but most importantly about FDs, tendies, and the power of memes. Back then it was all about trade wars and hanging at the whim of commander cheeto's supple tweets. I have fond memories of: - Apparently the first stock I ever bought on Robinhood was HMNY... thanks Robinhood Recap for the reminder of my retarded-ness
- Grew my first set of winkles on my smooth brain with AMC calls. The thesis was that their Stubs A-List subscription was doing pretty well according to /AMCsAList back then
- Went all-in MTCH weekly puts with $12K clenching my stomach in the fetal position when all of a sudden there was a lawsuit and I tripled my account in minutes, pure luck
Still ended up losing $30K and swore off options forever... until 2020 where I lost another $10k in options. Fucking weeklies man, they're like if cocaine and blackjack made a dopamine-infused baby WTF is up with the snowflakes Robinhood? So gay, instant short when it IPOs Ghosts of Christmas Present Chapter 3: Road to $1M+ (2020) Let's start with the receipts since that's what everyone's interested in: Proof that I started Feb 2020 with only $35K Vanguard is my 401k provider and their self-directed brokerage is provided by TD Ameritrade which is why you see screenshots from two different apps. Started the year with $11K in 401k, deposited $26K more in Jan and then started trading in Feb with $35K. The $49K withdrawal in June was for a 401k loan to buy a Tesla. Looking at this all-time graph gets me so hard In my first run up to June, turned $35k into $850K (APT, CODX, NCLH, CHWY) and decided my luck was too good and needed to "cool down". Decided to withdraw $50k for a Tesla and stayed away from the markets for a good 3 months thinking the market was going to go back down again... But it didn't, the market kept rallying and I got the tendie tingles. My first move in Sept was to go all-in on WORK and bought at the high of $35 and was immediately down -30% thanks to their shit ER. They recovered a bit in the weeks afterwards and then jumped into CRSR which made me a millionaire and then GME. GME also shit the bed with a -20% ER but recovered swiftly thanks to Lord Cohen and recently jumped into STIC for that final spike up. Chapter 4: Explaining every trade Proof of every gain/loss I've ever traded (except APT history which was in Vanguard) My strategy is going all-in on a single stock all-shares. The idea is to have a thesis and conviction with that trade. I stay in the trade until the thesis is invalidated or another opportunity arises, it's a simple strategy and it's worked for me so far. My account does not allow options or margin trading. Here's a few theses and history I remember in hopes folks can learn something: - APT/CODX - It was obvious to me in Jan/Feb that this coronavirus was the real deal. The trick was to look at the facts and not the noise. There was a fake viral video of blood-curdling screams from Wuhan apartments that was so obviously fake but western media loved it. On the other hand, Wuhan built a makeshift hospital in just 10 days, that's real action the government took and showed me how seriously dangerous this new virus was going to be. So I loaded up on APT, a mask stock, and rode it up and then switched to CODX, a testing stock, and rode that up from $11 to $24 selling right before their botched ER (conf call with no queue and everyone talking over each other lol)
- NCLH - Saw a curious spike in volume on May 14 with a move upward, piqued my tendie tingles again. Decided it was worth an all-in at $10.57 as the support of $10 was pretty strong. The mood at the time was that coronavirus was waning (I knew it was wrong but the market was emotionally optimistic) and fortunately it caused NCLH to moon and I sold at $19.75 on June 4 even though it kept mooning to $26 over the next 2 days
- CHWY - Got a dog, it's cute. Pets + E-Commerce during a pandemic, easy money. Bought at $41 and sold at $46 only because I thought it was moving kind of slowly. Well I was pretty wrong, now it's at $104
- SQQQ/TVIX - I tried being a gay bear for an hour and lost money. Don't ever be a gay bear
- CRSR - Been watching a ton of tech review and PC building YouTube channels and subreddits and the "enthusiast" crowd is definitely larger and has bigger wallets than people think. There is fucking keyboard typing ASMR now and ebay reviewers THANKING scalpers for charging them 2-3x MRSP. Biggest generational jump in GPU and CPU in a while and recently IPO-ed Corsair was definitely gonna benefit from this new generation of gamers was my thesis. Went all-in at $24 and sold at $36 after a non-stop run even though it kept running all the way to $51. No regrets, profit is profit.
- WORK - It was the only "WFH" stock that didn't moon yet, thought it deserved a chance was my thesis. Went all-in at the tippy top of $35 on Sept 2 and it immediately kept crashing all the way to $24 in 5 days. Fortunately it recovered a bit and sold at $32 for a loss since I gave up hope and it seemed to be running out of steam
Chapter 5: GME Gang Confession Now: I have a confession to make. My conviction for the Gamestop MOASS is insane. Had 88,233 shares at $13.04 buy-in with a $120 stop limit. Listening to this 90-min podcast of Uberkikz11 going on about how he knows more about this company than any mortal human should gets me so friken hard every time. But. That -20% ER drop hurt me on a spiritual level. Watching my account go from $1.5M to $1.1M at one point gave me Taco Bell-levels of stomach cramps. So when it bounced back to $15-16 on no news on Fri, Dec 18, I felt like I needed to "cool down" again. It was going into the holidays with a British virus mutation on the way and hedge funds manipulating to get their holiday bonuses, it felt kind of dangerous. And no way Ryan Cohen would be working with his lawyers on something that fast over the holidays, right? So I sold all my GME at $15.50. Then on Mon, Dec 21 morning, Lord Cohen drops his new 13D/A... but the stock price stayed flat all day. The Lord gave me a chance. A whole day to get back in. Unfortunately I didn't take it. And then Tue, Dec 22 all tendies broke loose, the squeezening. +25% gain. deepfuckingvalue dropping his massive dong in another update. I waddled back and forth in my fetal position. Missed out on ~$300K gain while watching everyone freak out. Felt exactly like this: Can't feel my dick at all... Chapter 6: Barking on a STIC While waddling and scrolling on my phone, I happened to stumble across this post about STIC and BarkBox. Not sure why pound_salt_ deleted the original post but at the time, it was the only post about it on WSB I was pretty familiar with BarkBox and started researching, it seemed super un-discovered. I liked what I saw: Pets. E-commerce. Subscription. SPAC. Basic white bitches spoiling dogs. This might be worth an all-in. So on Wed, Dec 23 morning I decided to make a move. All-in at $14.42. Then I started writing everything I had learned and posted it all in my DD post at 1:46PM ET because I thought it was worth sharing what I found https://www.reddit.com/wallstreetbets/comments/kiypqq/sir_jack_a_lots_next_move_all_in_stic_bark_merge The price was $14.25 at the time of posting and frankly, price was oddly flat at $14.25 pretty much all day. Lots of people got to buy in at this price. Why did it take me so long to write it? I had actual work meetings all morning and wrote it during my lunch break Then by the luck of the gods, apparently the CEO of BarkBox, Matt Meeker, went onto CNBC at 3:20PM ET and it started mooning. On Thurs, Dec 24 I awoke to a 20% pop and shared my gains for ya'll to salivate over. Complete. Luck. Ghost of Christmas Future Chapter 7: What's next? Let me be clear. I stand by every word of conviction I mentioned in all my GME and STIC posts, those are still my favorite H1 2021 plays. Holding STIC until merger would most definitely get you some massive gains. But I'm a swing momentum trader. If I feel like something is running out of steam, has a risk of a rug pull, or another stock has potential to pick up steam with lesser downside, that's when I usually jump around. I'm not happy with just a +25% in 3 months. I want a +25% compounded on +25% compounded on another +25% in the same 3 month time period. On Monday, Dec 28 I will probably sell STIC and move all into CRSR again. From technical charting perspective, I'm loving the setup and the magical crayons are telling me we're at the support again and this should bounce in anticipation of strong Q4 earnings. Now: this is not a ding on STIC or GME, I stand by my 2x-10x claims at some point in H1 2021. It will eventually get there but it might also dip and rise again and I want to swing that dip and rise. Let me spell it out for some retards: because STIC moon-ed so fast, I want to sell to capture profits and hopefully buy back in on a dip. If STIC had not mooned yet, I would still be holding STIC for a more gradual moon-ing to let my thesis play out. If STIC does not dip but keeps mooning, then I will not chase and happily watch other diamond hands enjoy their tendies. Q&A / AMAA I'm fucking tired of answering the same repeated idiotic questions. Let this Q&A serve as an artifact and please link it to new retards. I will also proceed to debunk every single fucking false claim I've read in my last few posts. Also feel free to AMAA in the comments, I'll be replying all day. - How often do you jack off? At least 2 times a day and always before I make a trade for that post-nut clarity
- Haha you're going to owe so much in taxes - Nope, this is all in my 401k which in the US means I don't owe taxes until I withdraw. Fucking compounding gains for years bitch
- Why are you making such risky trades? My goal is 8 digits or bust, that's my /fatfire number so I can finally quit this wageslave game. It's so obviously stacked against us and requires a lottery moment to reach escape velocity to play on New Game+ where I can live on $400k 4% SWR on $10M. This is my lottery moment and I'm leaning all the fucking way in. That's why I'm chad-ing it up and trying to TIME the market, meaning riding shit up and then jumping back into shit for another ride up. Fuck you Warren Buffet and your 90 y/o "time in the market" boomer bullshit. The next pandemic in 2025 might wipe us all out anyways, I ain't got time to wait for retirement. Gotta will it into existence. YOLO
- How are you so good at this? I study everything. Technicals. Charts. Support levels. Volume spikes. Short interest. Executive teams. Rumors. Customer sentiment. Employee morale. Insider trading. MSM manipulation. Comparable market caps. ER reports. Upgrade reports. SEC filings. Meme potential. I literally watch and study every facet I can about a company, and do so quickly.
- What's your trading strategy? All-in on a single stock all-shares. The idea is to have a thesis and conviction with that trade. I stay in the trade until the thesis is invalidated or another opportunity arises, it's a simple strategy and it's worked for me so far.
- Why do you post on WSB? Internet points is fucking fun. I was banned for like 30 minutes yesterday (on "accident" apparently) and having $200k+ gains without the ability to share was just not the same
- How do I follow your next move? Oh just follow my discord/newslett -- no fuck that shit. I don't do discord or newsletters or twitter or anything else. I'll keep posting on WSB until 8 digits or bust (or ban), you can guarantee that.
- Why do you remove the time on your screenshots? I'm cropping shit on my iPhone and my username is between the portfolio number and the top bar. Otherwise I'd love to friken show off my perpetual 69% battery level
- 15% isn't a real YOLO - I am literally shoving my entire net worth into a single stock every single time. Correct it's not the same as blackjack or FDs where if I got it wrong, I could lose everything but it's still fucking riskier than any ETF or financial advisor with their cuckold MBA would ever advise. One 15% play may not be impressive but compounded together is how you get this 50X in less than a year
- Where's PLTR or TSLA? Notice I never once touched PLTR, TSLA, NIO, XBEV, MVIS, etc or any of the other meme stocks WSB loves. That's because I hate being a sheep and following after the curve. I try to find shit right before the curve starts (usually indicated by a volume spike) and most WSB meme stocks are up way too high for my risk tolerance. Too much at stake to lose to a random rug pull moment.
- Hey I think I'm your cousin, can I get some money? No you fuck, stop being poor.
- Hey do you wanna fuck my ex-wife? Already did, next
- You're just using WSB to pump and dump on us - No you fucking idiot.
- First: look at my post history, I NEVER make a hard recommendation for people to buy a stock. I only share my gains, losses, or DD because it's fucking funny to see how ya'll react. Whether people want to follow my move or not is 100% up to people. Do your own fucking DD and figure out when you want to sell according to your own thesis/risk tolerance.
- Second: You folks keep asking me for my next move. Well how and when the fuck should I share it? If I post something in the morning, it's stuck in /new for a while until it gets enough upvotes to hit the front page and by then it's already afternoon or market close and the stock might have already done who knows what. That's not pump and dumping, that's just a delayed effect of how Reddit's algorithm works. Anything on the front page is essentially 5-15 hours old news and you need to determine if the state of the world is still the same or be a sheep and chase. It's the same thing once you hear Aunt Cathie or Boomer Cramer mention a stock and it trickles down to you, you're chasing after others have already gotten in
- Third: My $1.5M is not enough to move any real-volume stock. I don't touch OTC or low-volume shit. For STIC: I have 97K shares and on average 2-4M shares are traded every day for STIC so my account is a like a drop of whale cum in the ocean
- Fourth: Real pump and dumpers are the shitty scum on the earth. Spend any time in /pennystocks or some Discord or Stocktwits and holy shit, these scum run fucking operations. I've even seen paid newsletters where the highest tier gets the tip "early" to buy in and then the lowefree tiers get the tip which causes the pump for the early buyers to literally dump on and create bag holders on non-existant volume too
- Fifth: Listen to what DoubleKillGG and his big brain figured out the rest of you retards could not:
The fact is that SIR_JACK_A_LOT is a swing trader. Yes he pumps his stocks and closes relatively quickly but he doesn't pump shit stocks. If you bought any of his positions when he posted you'd be up on everything. A pump and dump requires the dump part where investors are left holding a stock that is worth less than when they bought it. He did, however, break wsb's rule #4; STIC's market cap is below $1B. His positions closed and what they're worth currently NCLH: Exit at 17.95. Current share price is 24.51 CHWY: Exit at 44.35. Current share price is 104.10 NCLH (again): Exit at 19.16. Current share price is 24.51 CRSR: Exit at 35.57. Current share price is 36.70 PTON: Exit at 109.46. Current share price is 163.60 GME: Exit at 15.96. Current share price is 20.26 *\*Exits are estimations from his posts* STIC: Posted DD when share price was around 14.25. Current share price is 17.85 Shout-outs Some of ya'll are real gems. Major props to: - My GME gang Uberkikz11, Ackilles, and of course the king deepfuckingvalue along with a few others like CPTHubbard, OutrageousDesk, Tomatotowers, Stonksflyingup, sneakersourcerer, Midaswhale30, Jeffamazon, DrZaius0 for the amazing DD, memes, and brotherhood
- alifeofataraxia for his YouTube videos chronicling the tale of SIR JACK A LOT - Part 1, Part 2, Part 3
- GrowerNotAShower11 for his erotic fan-fiction. I need one written about Cramer succumbing ahegao-style to the awe of my portfolio gains and massive dong STAT
- Many other loyal fans who helped me get unbanned yesterday, thank you
Fuck You Haters Last week we got durado so cucked he deleted his account and now kingobama123 is all up on my ass. First, read this magnum dong opus and if you have more questions, ask it in the comments, I'll cum all over you. POLL To really drive home the value I bring to WSB, let's see how many peoples' lives I've changed and for the better or worse. Take this poll regarding whether I helped make you gain or lose money if you've been following. https://www.strawpoll.me/42341589 🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄 🎄🚀🎄🚀Merry Fucking Christmas 🚀🎄🚀 🚀🎄Jerome Powell bless us, every one!🚀🎄 🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀🎄🚀 My usual order is the 13-piece tenders - whopping 1780 calories in a single sitting submitted by SIR_JACK_A_LOT to wallstreetbets [link] [comments] |
"Mindmed Forecast/Fundamental Case" [BULLISH] {MMEDF}
- The original author's account was deleted, so unfortunately I can't credit them. Regardless, full credit to them. This post was included in the deletion, so it took a decent amount of digging to find and save. Shoutout to u/adamfixeseverything. Enjoy. -
Hey guys,
I thought I’d post about my thoughts on MMED. First of all, please do your own due diligence and do not fall victim to the pump, hype and euphoria. These are highly speculative investments and have significant risk associated. All that said, there have been many requests for fundamental analysis and MMED projections so I wanted to provide my thoughts.
*All figures in USD (market cap, sales) except for my investment holdings. I purchased MMED.NE shares. Source data available as well, but got messy with all the 10-k filings and links in the table.
Entry Point First and foremost, I want to address the most commonly raised question on this thread: “Is it too late to buy MMED?” Any investment is subject to the risk / reward paradigm. Those that got in at $0.3 deserve every penny they earned as MMED was by definition a penny stock and one of the most risky investments you could own. Since then, it has grown tremendously due to scientific milestones which have pointed to significant progress in the industry.
The milestones MMED has achieved have DERISKED MMED from a penny stock to a small cap biotech company with a very large drug portfolio and numerous future catalysts. I do not expect to make 10x my investment in a week, nor should you. Is there still tremendous upside even at the current valuation of ~$1.5bn? I strongly believe so and will let my position reinforce that.
I entered this space with an average cost of ~$4.9 CAD, holding 311,206 shares, and a book value of ~1.5MM. Yes you read that correctly. Do I panic every day and check the ticker? No. Does my heart beat thinking of the time I evaporated ~$500,000 in unrealized loss when the stock was at $3.4? No. In fact, I continue to pick up shares at what I believe is a discounted valuation. There will be many that look at $4.9 entry point and think that even I got in at the bottom. It’s all relative.
OP's Original Investment I only invested what I could afford to lose and although $1.5MM is a large sum of money, it is not my entire portfolio, nor would it impact my daily life. If I lost it all it would not impact my ability to service my mortgage, pay my bills, impact my other investments, nor prohibit me from doing the things I love. I continue to hold dry powder and monitor my investment on a monthly basis, while continuing to buy following successful milestones.
This is a very long term play that could fundamentally change the way we treat the body’s most important organ. We are just getting started. I have a very strong conviction on the future outcome of this industry and that is the reason I couldn’t be bothered about short term fluctuations. An important question to ask yourself is whether you believe MMED can reach its next scientific milestone. Take things one step at a time and is there a probability the next scientific update will be positive? Emphasis on science, ignoring NASDAQ, candlesticks, and capital structure (for now).
Institutional Capital I work in finance (albeit project finance / private equity, and don’t value stocks for a living, so don’t consider me an expert here) but already know of a few moderately capitalized asset managers that are now participating in MMED. The recent bought deals are evidence of sophisticated capital flowing into this industry. I personally qualify as an ‘accredited investor’ and am having conversations constantly with folks in my circles who are investing heavily into these stocks. As more institutional capital flows in, the more stable these stocks become. Of course, this is all relative.
Access to liquidity As with all brand new industries, the capital requirement is immense in order to bring products to market. What drew me into the space was the fact that MMED did raise capital. Biotech stocks do not have cashflow, thus their only path to fund operations is through equity raises. The fact that MMED was able to raise over $237MM CAD since May 2019 is a positive for this company. Yes it is dilutive, and good job for paying attention in finance 101 class, but bootstrapping a biotech company is not possible, nor is servicing debt.
The path to commercialization of will be full of obstacles, however a strong balance sheet with sufficient capital gives MMED the resources to get there. The current valuation has tremendous upside following scientific milestones and future equity raises and dilutions are a good thing, as it will be at an increased valuation.
There are definitely smaller cap companies out there that may double overnight, however for the risk / reward, I do not feel comfortable owning companies that don’t have a large balance sheet, nor a diversified drug portfolio.
Believe in the Science I do not feel I am in a position to write original content on the efficacy of these drugs. I have done my research and read a fair number of published studies but anything that I write would simply be regurgitating what others have said.
The biggest investors in this space are those with personal experiences with psychedelics because you have first-hand experience of the profound meaning extracted from one treatment. The ability to dissolve your ego enables you to deal with the root cause of so many problems ranging from depression, PTSD and addition, without approaching the problem by numbing symptoms. Herein lies the inherent value of this industry and will simply take time to prove it through trails. I have the conviction to continue to invest because I believe in the science. The data to reinforce this is on its way, and I personally want to invest now, knowing that the likelihood of very significant catalysts are probable.
Forecasts This of course is the elephant in the room for early investors, later[er] investors and bears alike. Is a $1.5bn market cap pricing in all of the upside already? Is this a $100bn stock? This company has zero revenues, shouldn’t it be worth zero?
The truth is, no one knows. There is tremendous risk with this company. However, I will not be selling unless we see some significant negative scientific outcomes. Again, less emphasis on stock price, NASDAQ, more emphasis on the science. Everything else will follow.
The various ways to value a company (DCF, sales / earnings multiples, liquidation value etc) all have their issues with an early stage company of this nature. Any sort of bottoms up DCF analysis is just guessing because variables such as patient count, dosage, pricing, market share, market penetration, amongst other have far too much variation to come up with a reliable figure. Discount rates and time horizon can favour your outcome depending on how aggressive / conservative you are.
Thus, the way I like to look at this market is a best case scenario for a single drug, based off historical sales data from one company and one drug. This implicitly takes into account patient dosage, competition, market share, market penetration etc, because one drug from one company has already proven its ability to capture such sales data.
Data I have broken out annual sales data for various comparable drugs according to MMED’s current pipeline offering. This is the inherent benefit of MMED, is that it has a diverse portfolio covering many underserved issues. Like many of you, I believe MMED’s biggest blockbuster will be Layla, given the problem of Opioid addition plus MMED’s IP rights on 18-MC to corner sales. Suboxone is the current drug on the market due to delayed onset effects ranging from 24-36 hours, compared to someone in withdrawal uses fast acting opioids 3-4 times a day. Suboxone itself however is still addictive and has a long list of negative side effects. Furthermore, it does not correct dopamine dysregulation in patients.
The sales of Suboxone alone are growing at an ~9% CAGR, with sales expected to reach ~$4bn in 2028
https://www.globenewswire.com/news-release/2020/08/18/2079779/0/en/Opioid-Use-Disorder-OUD-in-8-Major-Markets-2018-2028-Reformulations-of-Buprenorphine-Will-Drive-Growth.html.
The use case for 18-MC however, does not stop at Opioid addiction, and can be applied to alcohol dependency and smoking dependency among others. This means the TAM for 18-MC could be significantly larger than the existing market captured by Suboxone given its smaller demographics relative to 18-MC. Could Layla exhibit sales greater than Suboxone one day? Who knows. Sticking with comp sales for the analysis for now.
Various anxiety, depression and ADHD medication is also shown in the table to show sales potential of Lucy, Albert and the micro dose programmes.
Is there a possibility of a LSD, 18-MC, or LSD compound or derivative achieving blockbuster drug status? Do you think there is an inherent benefit to a psychedelic compared to an antidepressant sedative with side effects such as nausea, weight gain etc?
Your perceived probability and sales outcomes depends on whether you believe in the science. Those that don’t can easily be skeptical of a $1.5bn market cap many years away from profitability.
Those that do, look at the next half a dozen clinical trial outcomes as very probable and thus have applied a less punitive discount to the stock valuation. I have rationalized my decision to invest at $1.5MM because of my own perceived discount rate and confidence in the next 12 months of positive catalysts.
Valuation Multiples Now, as many of you know, investors pay a multiple for the future earnings of a company, today. If a drug makes $1bn annually, investors will pay a multiple of future earnings expected over the drugs lifetime, discounted by various factors.
There are various metrics to use here, ranging from Enterprise Value / Sales or various types of earnings metrics. MMED is years away from having a real operating company, anything to sell, or even the corporate infrastructure to get it to market. However, the question has always been, how big do you think this company could get?
This is where things can get tricky. We used peak annual sales in the last section to forecast comparable estimates for MMED revenues. Thus, I believe it is appropriate to use mature, large cap trading multiples instead of early stage bio techs, as our revenue estimates were mature figures with stabilized growth. If we were to use companies / drugs earlier in their lifecycle or clinical phases, the trading multiples would be much higher because the market is buying potential future sales. Can’t have it both ways.
Chart All of the chart data in the graph is specific to the pharma industry. However, there are various subsectors to the industry such as Contract Development Manufacturing and Contract Research Organization. MMED would likely have to partner with each of these types of firms to scale its business, better assess market size etc, but wouldn’t trade at similar multiples given a different business model. Same goes for Packaging and Distribution.
The graph also shows S&P average which is a good rule of thumb.
Other chart Although the chart gives a good reference point for pharma multiples, I wanted to look at valuation from a more company specific perspective. The chart above shows large cap specialty pharma companies that are publically traded. This will give you an approximate median value of what the market is willing to pay for a company that has a certain amount of sales. As you can see in the green box, industry multiples of EV/EBIITDA or EV/Sales will basically get you to the same place. Median pharma industry EBITDA margins are in the 40% range with EV/Sales at ~4x vs EV/EBITDA of 10x.
Note that the above list of trading comps is stale data, as of Sept ’19. I only want to use public data and have refrained from using Bloomberg, Cap IQ etc. Thus the information I’m posting is merely reposts of info available on Google. As you can see, Allergan is listed in this table as a live trading comp, and has since been acquired by AbbVie. Accordingly, I want to highlight some notable M+A activity:
Amgen acquires Celgne’s plaque psoriasis drug, Otezla $13.4bn: EV / LTM Sales = 7.6x Thermo Fisher acquires Qiagen for $11.5bn: EV / LTM Sales = 7.3x Abbvie acquires Allergan for $84.2bn: EV / LTM Sales = 5.4x Elanco acquires Bayer’s animal health unit for $7.6bn: EV / LTM Sales = 4.5x As you can see, companies are willing to pay a premium in M&A to acquire competitors and drugs, due to synergies, reduction in SG&A etc.
This is a very long winded way of showing that if one of MMED’s compounds hits, and exhibits sales in line with any sort of comparable drug from the table above, this could be a $20-30 billion dollar company (~4bn*5-7x). If several of these drugs reach commercialization, this is potentially a $100 billion dollar company.
Now I agree that these projections are completely outlandish right now. I’m simply doing the exercise you all wanted.
Feel free to guess at your own forecast sales and multiply out enterprise value using the above metrics. Before you rip me apart for the extreme optimism, I understand that I’m using multiples for stable, reputable, large cap pharma. I understand that there is an extreme amount of stigma attached to psychedelics and achieving ubiquity for these treatments is a large uphill battle. There is an enormous amount of work, luck and time from now until sales and this is not to be under estimated.
Do I think MMED is worth $30-$100bn today? No. Do I think MMED is worth somewhere in between today’s valuation and $30-$100bn? Depends
whether you believe in the science. If you’re reading this, odds are you do. I invested because I believe it too.
So instead, let’s take a lazy man’s approach to valuation and take things one step at a time.
Simpler Approach to Valuation The exercise above is to show you all the immense potential of MMED’s drug portfolio. Do I think MMED is the next Pfizer, Abbie Vie or Eli Lilly? No. This is not a $500bn dollar company. However, I do genuinely think there is tremendous upside not factored into the pricing for this stock.
Fundamental analysis aside, I think the simplest way to approach valuation is from a catalyst + efficient market hypothesis perspective. Markets are not fully efficient, nor even semi-efficient, but there is some sort of reasoning in believing what the market is willing to pay. The obvious flaws in this are that the market right is riddled with irrational investors and a market of 300m financially illiterate traders isn’t more efficient than an illiquid market of 10 rational ones. As of today’s post there is a discount to the $4.40 price. To me, that’s just more opportunity to continue to scoop up more shares.
I have stayed out of the industry in the early days because truthfully I did not know which stocks to pick. Since then, much smarter people than me have done their diligence and allocated their capital to the companies that they believe are winners. This is part of an efficient market hypothesis.
Sophisticated capital flowed into MMED @ 4.40 / share, with the expectation to make a profit. I also, invested in this company at $4.9/share, with the expectation to make a profit. If we establish this as a baseline, do we believe there will be more positive than negative catalysts in the next year and in the future, such that we will see accretion in the share price? Conversely, if we see negative outcomes in future catalysts, it will cause erosion in the stock valuation. Below are near term events which should have a significant impact on share price:
Project Lucy Phase 2 readout– Q1 2021 Open IND w/ FDA for Phase 2b – Q3 2021 Project Layla
Phase 2a study– Second half of 2021 Strategic Pharma Partner Potential – Late 2021 Various
Combined MDMA LSD Phase 1 trail – Q1 2021 IV DMT Phase 1 trail – Q1 2021 First ever Phase 2a clinical trial Microdose LSD – Q3 2021 Patent filed for neutralizer technology for LSD to shortestop hallucinogenic effects Game changer for safe, regulated environment for clinical administration Given that Phase 1 studies are focused on safety, what are the odds clinically developed LSD / MDMA fails a safety test?
Given that Phase 2 studies are focused on proof of concept and method, what are the odds the clinically designed process fails the test?
Believe in the science. Each one of these incremental catalysts derisks MMED, and will bring the valuation closer to ‘blockbuster drug’ status, albeit inches at a time. Just as the bought deal derisked this company for me to participate, achievements in clinical trials will be evidence for more investors to jump in as well. Let’s not get ahead of ourselves and guess at how large this company can get. Just think of what is the next step and do your own evaluation as to whether achieving it is realistic. Once we get through the above list, there will be more milestones to pass such as Phase 2bs and 3s. If we establish $4.40 as the baseline currently and MMED has a successful outcome in any of the previously listed catalysts, there should be a significant accretion in valuation.
There is a noticeable omission for most of you, in that I’ve left out the NASDAQ up listing, future dilutions and general capital structuring events. To me, a NASDAQ uplisting is irrelevant. This will add liquidity, although probably more volatility, but changes zero fundamentals about the stock. It should however, add more weight to the efficient market hypothesis and erase the discount I believe this stock is trading at. We’ll see some analyst coverage with price targets that will attract more investors, but the fundamentals of the stock do not change.
With respect to stock price, it is impossible to forecast this because the capital structure of this company is completely unknown. IF we can even get to revenue generation, and this becomes a $30-100bn company, how much dilution will there be from now until then to back out a share price? The point is that there is so much runway in share price accretion from now until then, that I’m not bothered with anything finance related for this company. There is potential for 50-70x accretion in the value of this company. The focus needs to be on the science. MMED has raised enough money to get though its next set of obstacles and fund operations, thus insolvency risk has fallen away for now which is really the only important financial point for early stage biotech.
Let’s take things one step at a time, believe in the science and be patient.
Cash position & Expenditures As you can see below, the quarterly burn payroll burn rate is quite low for MMED relative to its cash position. It’s hard to discern which items under their historical expenditures are one off versus recurring, thus difficult to calculate their exact run rate. However, the huge positive here the low ratio of payroll relative to its cash.
Data table Next up we have the projected use of proceeds from their latest raise, net of underwriter expenses. Now that the Over-Allotment has been exercised, MMED has additional capital that it has further allocated to Albert, Lucy, Layla and the Microdose LSD program.
Proceeds Table General takeaway is that MMED is well enough capitalized to get through its next phase of milestones. I will be keeping an eye on news surrounding the Microdose LSD program. Estimates at this stage for Phase 2a are $3-4m and the results of which will inform capital expenditures required for future phases. A positive milestone in Q3 ’21 should be an incredibly positive catalyst for this company.
Proving that you’ve raised capital and have enough cashflow to get to the next step doesn’t guarantee we’ve picked the winner in the industry. It does however give me confidence that MMED will continue to be a going concern for at least the short term and get to a point when new investors can come in at a much higher valuation. This is a real risk for the penny stocks out there without capital or IP, and that is the reason I chose MMED.
Edit: Did some re-formatting to make it easier to read cause it's pretty lengthy and there's a lot of details. Hopefully it helps.
Edit #2: I went back into the trash compacter and salvaged the original data and charts since some people were asking. The resolution may be questionable, so apologies for that, you might have to zoom in.
submitted by JustOnTheHorizon_ to DueDiligenceArchive [link] [comments]
Hidden Proofs Of A Giant Race
As you read this series of extracts, try to visualize the proverbial series of contemporary evolution... something is amiss... - Large bones in stone graves in Williamson County and White County, Tennessee. Discovered in the early 1800s, the average stature of these giants was 7 feet tall.
- Giant skeletons found in the mid-1800s in New York state near Rutland and Rodman.
- In 1833, soldiers digging at Lompock Rancho, California, discovered a male skeleton 12 feet tall. The skeleton was surrounded by caved shells, stone axes, other artifacts. The skeleton had double rows of upper and lower teeth. Unfortunately, this body was secretly buried because the local Indians became upset about the remains.
- A giant skull and vertebrae found in Wisconsin and Kansas City.
- A giant found off the California Coast on Santa Rosa Island in the 1800s was distinguished by its double rows of teeth.
- A 9-foot, 8-inch skeleton was excavated from a mount near Brewersville, Indiana, in 1879.
- Skeletons of "enormous dimensions" were found in mounds near Zanesville, Ohio, and Warren, Minnesota, in the 1880s.
- In Clearwater Minnesota, the skeletons of seven giants were found in mounds. These had receding foreheads and complete double dentition.
- At LeCrescent, Minnesota, mounds were found to contain giant bones. Five miles north near Dresbach, the bones of people over 8 feet tall were found.
- In 1888 seven skeletons ranging from seven to 8 feet tall were discovered.
- Near Toledo, Ohio, 20 skeletons were discovered with jaws and teeth "twice as large as those of present day people." The account also noted that odd hieroglyphics were found with the bodies.
- Miners in Lovelock Cave, California, discovered a very tall, red-haired mummy In 1911
- This mummy eventually went to a fraternal lodge where it was used for "initiation purposes."
- In 1931, skeletons from 8 1-2 to 10 feet long were found in the Humbolt lake bed in California.
- In 1932, Ellis Wright found human tracks in the gypsum rock at White Sands, New Mexico. His discovery was later backed up by Fred Arthur, Supervisor of the Lincoln National Park and others who reported that each footprint was 22 inches long and from 8 to 10 inches wide. They were certain the prints were human in origin due to the outline of the perfect prints coupled with a readily apparent instep.
- During World War II, author Ivan T. Sanderson tells of how his crew was bulldozing through sedimentary rock when it stumbled upon what appeared to be a graveyard. In it were crania that measured from 22 to 24 inches from base to crown nearly three times as large as an adult human skull. Had the creatures to whom these skulls belonged been properly proportioned, they undoubtedly would have been at least 12 feet tall or taller.
- In 1947 a local newspaper reported the discovery of nine-foot-tall skeletons by amateur archeologists working in Death Valley.
- The archeologists involved also claimed to have found what appeared to be the bones of tigers and dinosaurs with the human remains.
- The Catalina Islands, off California, are the home of dwarf mammoth bones that were once roasted in ancient fire pits. These were roasted and eaten by human-like creatures who were giants with double rows of teeth.
- One of the latest accounts of a race of giants that occupied Europe comes from the middle ages and involves a surprising figure: Saint Christopher. While modern stories of St. Christopher simply make him out as an ordinary man, or perhaps a somewhat homely man, those who actually saw him had a different story. According to his peers, he was a giant, belonging to a tribe of dog-headed, cannibalistic giants. Jacques de Voragine in The Golden Legend wrote of St. Christopher:"He was of gigantic stature, had a terrifying mien, was twelve coudees tall.”
- A coudee is an antique measurement equal to or larger than the English linear measurement of a foot. According to this ancient account, St. Christopher stood from 12 to 18 feet tall (a fact that has become hidden in or even erased from church history).
- While Western icons don't picture St. Christopher as contemporary accounts described him, those of the Eastern churches do. Often the suggestion is seen in historic accounts that St. Christopher was the product of a tryst between a human being and an Anubis (a demon-like creature based on the Greek Anoubis, which came from the Egyptians jackal-headed god who was believed to lead the dead to judgment)
- John Haywood, The Natural and Aboriginal History of Tennessee, McCowat-Mercer, Jackson, TN, 1958
- Cyrus Gordon, Before Columbus, Crown Publishers, NY, 1971
- David Hatcher Childress, Lost Cities of North America, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle, IL, 1992, p.509. 4.Cyrus Godron, Before Columbus, Crown Publishers, NY, 1971. 5.David Hatcher Childress, Lost Cities of North America-M, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle, IL, 1992, p.509. 6.Indianapolis, News News, November 10, 1975. 7.Cyrus Godron, Before Columbus, Crown Publishers, NY, 1971.
- David Hatcher Childress, Lost Cities of North America, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle, IL, 1992, p.468.
- Ibid.
- St. Paul Pioneer Press, June 29, 1888.
- Chicago Record, October 24, 1895.
- Humboldt Star, May 13, 1928.
- David Hatcher Childress, Lost Cities of North America, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle, IL, 1992, p 494.
- Ibid., p.496.
- Ibid., p.497.
- David Hatcher Childress, Lost Cities and Ancient M, Mysteries of South America, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle. IL, 1985, p.199.
- The Hot Citizen, Expedition Reports Nine-Foot Skeletons," August 5, 1947.
- Ibid.
- David Hatcher Childress, Lost Cities North America, Adventures Unlimited Press, Stelle, IL, 1992, p.526.
- Malcolm South, Mythical and Fabulous Creatures, Peter Berick Books, NY, NY, 1987, p.303.
- Ibid.
- Ibid.
- In other words, according to the contemporary accounts of his day, St. Christopher was the product of a spiritual being who mated with a human woman. And once again the result of this union was a creature that matches the descriptions of the Nephilim. GENESIS 6:4
There were GIANTS in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the SONS OF GOD (Fallen Angels) came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.
1.One of the many races of giants.
...AND THEY BUILT STONEHENGE There is ample reasons to believe that the monoliths in Salisbury, England, were not built by either the Druids or normal human beings. When one consider the megaliths proportions, tonnage, and lack of resources in terms of both nature and human; and the lack of technology, the possibility that I am suggesting is not so far-fetched as it may seem. 1. Not a lot is known about the people who would become known as the Celts. It is known that they migrated across Asia Minor, through northern Europe and into what have become the Celtic countries of Wales, Scotland and Ireland. Most accounts of them include references to the giants that were often found among them. The ancient Greek historian Pausanias called them "the world's tallest people."
- "Modern historians now believe that, in fact, the giants among the Celts were a ruling class that held control over the indigenous population that formed the majority of the Celtic tribes.
- As these 60-some tribes that comprised the Cimbri or Cimmerian peoples traveled across Europe, migrating and taking over areas and later being driven Eastward by other cultures, the name of the people changed. While they were in Asia Minor, they were known as the Gomarian Sacae; this was shortened and modified to become Celtae (meaning "potent and valiant men" similar to the "mighty men" on the Genesis 6 passage). The Greeks called them Galatai a corruption of Celtae; the Romans further changed this name to become Gauls.
- Although the Romans 'would eventually devise methods of defeating these giant warriors, attacking long legs that couldn't be guarded by the massive shields these creatures carried, the blue-eyed, blond giants inspired terror among those facing them in battle for the first time.
The travels of the giants through the German region also most likely inspired the Teutonic legends of the Aryan race of superhumans (with the early name of "Cimmerian" having an obvious resemblance that is probably more than happenstance to Aryan). The Nazi ideal "superman" was a blue-eyed, blond giant; this is the exact historic description of the Celtae. DeLoach has also made a good argument that the giants ruling the Celtae may very well have been descendants of the Anakim, the giants the Israelites found in the Promised Land. His argument is based on the Roman poet Virgil's account of the Gauls which describes them:
“Golden is their hair and golden their garb. They are resplendent in their striped cloaks,and their milk-white necks are circled with gold.”
5.These distinctive gold necklaces have also been discovered in numerous archeological finds, bolstering Virgil's observations.
- This tight gold band around the necks of theCeltae is what ties them to the biblical accounts of the Nephilim. Remembering that the Anakim were one of the tribes that were listed as being giants in the Bible, the clue that links the Celtae to the Nephilim is the Hebrew word which is translated as "Anakim" in English: The actual word is Anaqiy, meaning "a descendent of Anak."
- Now the word translated as "Anak" in the English version of the Bible is Anaq and was employed as another term for"Canaanite."
- As noted earlier, this suggests that the culture that ruled much of the Promised Land when the Israelites invaded it was comprised of two classes with the Anakim acting as a ruling elite within a larger human population.
But there's more. Hebrew names are often based on common words, giving the names special meanings that relate it back to characteristics of the individual or thing being named. The word, Anaq, which was employed to name the Anak, used in other contexts means "a necklace so tight as to appear to be strangling." Use of this word suggests that the most noticeable feature of the descendants of Anak was a tight chain about the neck.
That same feature was the distinguishing characteristic that Virgil chose to remark on when describing the Gauls.
This leads to an important possibility. The Anakim, or giants that adopted their practices, were pushed out of Canaan by the Israelites, going northward and eventually traveling westward over Europe and, with the passage of several millennia, finally settled in the Celtic nations.
Their Religious Practices - If the Anakim and the giants among the Celtae were one and the same people, then it's possible to gain an insight into the religious practices of the Nephilim. While the Bible doesn't reveal much about the religious practices of the Anakim, it does hint at human and infant sacrifices and similar horrors. God ordered the Israelites to kill all the men,women and children in many of the cities taken during the invasion of the land by the Jews.
10.However, more Is known historically from non-Biblical sources about the religion that the Celtae practiced. Ancient historians had a variety of horrors to tell about the Celtae giants, including the fact that they were homosexuals (another crime which dictated the death penalty under Mosaic law). Athenaeus states that the giants were accustomed to sleeping with not one but two boys. The historian Diodorus also suggested that homosexuality was rampant among the giants when he wrote:
“Although their wives are comely, they have very little to do with them, but rage with lust in outlandish fashion for the embraces of males. And the most astonishing thing of all is that they feel no concern for their proper dignity but prostitute to others without a qualm the flower of their bodies; nor do they consider this a disgraceful thing to do, but rather when anyone of them is thus approached and refuses the favor offered him, this they consider an act of dishonor.” These passages also provide important links that help prove the Celtae are Nephilim.
- Not surprisingly, the religion that the Celtae practiced was also savage and brutal. This religion has come to be known best for the blood-thirsty priests who led its unspeakable acts, the "Druids." The actual practices of this religion have mercifully been lost to our modern age. This came about through the number of conquests of the areas ruled by the Celtae giants by the Romans and later the Norsemen, Normans and Saxons. The spread of Christianity through the region spelled the final death blow for the bloody practices of the Druids, leaving behind only altars designed for human sacrifices and the placement of "magic" stone monuments that have recently been discovered to have been carefully aligned with the stars, planets, sun and moon. The Druid religion is currently being revived by New Age and neo-pagan groups worldwide another horrifying fact that suggests another assault against the human race might be in place even as we speak.
Because Ireland was never successfully invaded by the Romans, it remained the last holdout of the human beings who practiced the religion of the Druids after the last of the Celtae giants had apparently died off. St. Patrick and St. Columcille are generally credited with bringing an end to the pagan practices. (St. Patrick was also credited with driving the snakes from Ireland; one might speculate that these "snakes" might have been serpents similar to the serpent in the Garden of Eden. If so, these might have been some sort of fallen angels in the form of reptiles.) There are a few horrific details that have filtered down to us about the Druids' practices, however. One is that these priests not only placed their blessings on human sacrifice, they often performed the rites themselves.
Julius Caesar wrote:
“The Gauls believe the power of the immortal gods can be appeased only if one human life is exchanged for another and they have sacrifices of this kind regularly established by the community. Some of them have enormous images made of wickerwork, the limbs of which they fill with living men; these are set on fire and the men perish, enveloped in the flames. They believe that the gods prefer it if the executed have been caught in the act of theft or armed robbery or some other crime. But when the supply of such victims runs out, they even go to the extent of sacrificing innocent men.”
- Diodorus had an even more horrifying story about how the Celtae giants attempted to read the future:
“They devote to death a human being and plunge a dagger into him in the region above the diaphragm, and when the stricken victim has fallen, they read the future from the manner of his fall and from the twitching of his limbs, as well as from the gushing of the blood, having learned to place confidence in an ancient and long-continued practice of observing such matters."
The exact religious practices of the Anakim are unknown But suffice it to say that the little that has filtered down to us reflects the extreme wickedness and savagery of the Old Testament accounts of these creatures. That groups around the world are now in the process of reviving the Druid and Egyptian practices also speaks volumes about where many in our own times are headed, and what they are really trying to accomplish by reviving this depraved religion.... things are just not always what they appear to be.
- Pausanias, 1.35.
- Charles DeLoach, Giants. A Reference Guide From History, the Bible, and Recorded Legend. Scarecrow Press, Meuchen, NJ, 1995, p.54.
- Ibid.
- Virgil, Aeneid, 8.658-660.
- Charles DeLoach, Giants: A Reference Guide from History, the Bible, and Recorded Legend, Scarecrow Press, Meuchen, NJ, 1995, p.57.
- James Strong, Exhaustive Concordance of the Bible, Abingdon Press, NY, 1894/1970, 6062.
- Ibid, 6061.
- Ibid., 6060.
- Deuteronomy 13:15, Deuteronomy 20:13, Joshua 6:21, Joshua 8:24, Joshua 10:28-39, Joshua 11:11, etc. 10.Diodorus, 5.32.
- Julius Caesar, Commentary, 6.16.
- Diodorus, 5.31.
Compiled By,
D.M.IV
WHERE ARE THEY NOW? “There were GIANTS in the earth in those days....”
[Revelation 9:1] And the fifth angel sounded, and I saw a star fall from heaven unto the earth: and to him was given the key of the bottomless pit.
[Revelation 9:2] And he opened the bottomless pit; ...”
- The assertions starts with the burden of proof listed in, “GIANTS I”, based on the following statement, and further proved beyond doubt that there were indeed a number of civilizations that were giants:
GENESIS 6:2 That the SONS OF GOD saw the daughters of men that they were fair; and they took them wives of all which they chose....
GENESIS 6:4 There were GIANTS in the earth in those days; and also after that, when the SONS OF GOD (Fallen Angels) came in unto the daughters of men, and they bare children to them, the same became mighty men which were of old, men of renown.
The standard contention is: is this biblical myth, or is this a historical reality of the past... and today?
The new challenging assertion set before you is this: where are they now, if they ever really did exist? The answer?....“the inner earth”. And the entrances to this new homeland: one at the extreme northern axis of the earth, the other at the extreme southern axis.
Throughout history and various cultures, this new homeland has taken on various appellations:
The Ultimate Thule Aggartha Shamballa Shangri-La Elusian Fields Asgard Atlantis Valhalla Realm of Jason & the Argonauts, etc.
As fantastic as the assertion sounds, the burden of proof resides in this brief documentation. But to save space, and not to try your patience, I have only chosen select passages from each publications included therein. Nevertheless, let us start from the most ancient documentation, progressing to the more contemporary -
Your intellectual foundations are about to be challenged... For truth is sometimes much stranger than fiction
From the “SECRETS OF ENOCH” 2. “The men (literally, angels) took me on to the fifth heaven and placed me, and there I saw many and countless soldiers, called Grigori (rebellious angels), of human appearance, and their size was greater than that of great giants...”
- “And I said to the Grigori: ‘I saw your brethren and their works, and their great torments, and I prayed for them, but the Lord has condemned them to be under earth till heaven and earth shall end forever’. ....”
- THE BOOK OF ENOCH (The Watchers)
- “Then they (the angels) took wives, each choosing for himself, whom they began to approach, and with whom they cohabited; teaching them sorcery, incantations, and the divining of roots and trees. And the women conceiving brought forth giants, whom stature was each three hundreth cubits. ....
- ”To Michael likewise the Lord said,... bind them for seventy generations underneaththe earth,...”
- “From there I went on towards the extremities of the earth; where I saw large beasts different from each other, and birds various in countenances and forms, as well as with notes of different sounds. ... ”
- “From there I advanced on towards the north, to the extremities of the earth. And there I saw a great and glorious wonder at the extremities of the whole earth.I saw there heavenly gates opening into heavens; three of them distinctly separated. The northern winds proceeded from them, blowing cold, hail, frost, snow, dew, and rain....”
THE BOOK OF JUBILEES 9. “...that the angels of God saw them (earthly women) on a certain year of this jubilee, that they were beautiful to look upon; and they took themselves wives of all whom they chose, and they bare to them sons and they were giants. ...”
10.“And against the angels whom He (God) had sent upon earth, He was exceedingly wroth, and He gave commandment to root them out of all their dominion, and He bade us to bind them in the depths of the earth, and behold they bound in the midst of them...”
1.From, THE THE LOST BOOK OF... . Enoch was a distance grandson of Seth; Seth was the 3rd son of Adam. The book in it’s entirety contains 45 rare manuscripts. First published in 1926 by Alpha House, Inc.; this reprint is by World Bible Publisher, Inc., and the compiler is Dr. Frank Crane. 2.Ch. XVIII: 1, pg. 87 3.Ch. XVIII: 5, pg 87 4.From, THE BOOKS OF ENOCH, THE WATCHERS, TGS Publishing, Yoakum, TX. 77995. Translated by, Richard Laurence, L.L.D. The Watchers were angels whom were sent by God to instruct man. Note also that this is an entirely separate publication. 5.Ch.7:10-12, pg. 3. 6.Ch.10:15, pg. 5. 7.Ch.32:1-2, pg. 13. 8.Ch.33:1-3, pg. 13. 9.Another separate publication from THE BOOK OF JUBILEES, pg. 23, Ch. 5:1-2, TGS Publishing, Yoakum, TX. 77995, Translated by R.H. Charles, 1913. This is an ancient Pharisee text of about 153 BC. 10. Ch. 5:5-7, pg. 23.
ADMIRAL RICHARD B. BYRD'S DIARY (FEB - MAR.1947) (“The Inner Earth : My Secret Diary”) THE LAND BEYOND THE POLES - THE EXPLORATION FLIGHT OVER THE NORTH POLE. I must write this diary in secrecy and obscurity. It concerns my Arctic flight of the nineteenth day of February in the year of Nineteen and Forty Seven.
There comes a time when the rationality of men must fade into insignificance and one must accept the inevitability of the Truth! am not at liberty to disclose the following documentation at this writing... perhaps it shall never see the light of public scrutiny, but I must do my duty and record here for all to read one day. In a world of greed and exploitation of certain of mankind, one can no longer suppress that which is truth.
1. FLIGHT LOG: BASE CAMP ARCTIC, 2119/1947 0600 HOURS - All preparations are complete for our flight north ward and we are airborne with full fuel tanks at 0610 Hours.....
0910 HOURS - Vast Ice and snow below, note coloration of yellowish nature, and dispersed in a linear pattern. Altering course for a better examination of this color pattern below, note reddish or purple color also. Circle this area two full turns and return to assigned compass heading. Position check made again to base camp, and relay information concerning colorations in the Ice and snow below.
0910 HOURS - Both Magnetic and Gyro compasses beginning to gyrate and wobble, we are unable to hold our heading by instrumentation. Take bearing with Sun compass, yet all seems well. The controls are seemingly slow to respond and have sluggish quality, but there is no indication of Icing!
0915 HOURS - In the distance is what appears to be mountains.
0949 HOURS -29 minutes elapsed flight time from the first sighting of the mountains, it is no illusion. They are mountains and consisting of a small range that I have never seen before!
0955 HOURS - Altitude change to 2950 feet, encountering strong turbulence again.
2. 1000 HOURS We are crossing over the small mountain range and still proceeding northward as best as can be ascertained. Beyond the mountain range is what appears to be a valley with a small river or stream running through the center portion. There should be no green valley below! Something is definitely wrong and abnormal here! We should be over Ice and Snow! To the portside are great forests growing on the mountain slopes. ...
1.To this point, Ch.7, pg. 80. 2.To this point, Ch.7, pg. 81.
1140 HOURS - Another radio message received. We begin the landing process now, and in moments the plane shudders slightly, and begins a descent as though caught in some great unseen elevator! The downward motion is negligible, and we touch down with only a slight jolt!
1.1145 HOURS - I am making a hasty last entry in the flight log. Several men are approaching on foot toward our aircraft. They are tall with blond hair.
2.In the distance is a large shimmering city pulsating with rainbow hues of color. I do not know what is going to happen now, but I see no signs of weapons on those approaching. I hear now a voice ordering me by name to open the cargo door. I comply.
END LOG
3. MARCH 11, 1947 I have just attended a staff meeting at the Pentagon. I have stated fully my discovery and the message from the Master. All is duly recorded. The President has been advised. I am now detained for several hours (six hours, thirty-nine minutes, to be exact.) I am interviewed intently by Top Security Forces and a medical team. It was an ordeal! I am placed under strict control via the national security provisions of this United States of America. I am ORDERED TO REMAIN SILENT IN REGARD TO ALL THAT I HAVE LEARNED, ON THE BEHALF OF HUMANITY! Incredible! I am reminded that I am a military man I must obey orders....
In further confirmation of Admiral Byrd's discovery are reports of individuals who claimed they had entered the north polar opening, as many Arctic explorers did without knowing they did, and penetrated far enough into it to reach the Subterranean World in the hollow interior of the Earth. Dr. Nephi Cottom of Los Angeles reported that one of his patients, a man of Nordic descent, told him the following story:
"I lived near the Arctic Circle in Norway. One summer my friend and I made up our minds to take a boat trip together, and go as far as we could into the north country. So we put one month's food provisions in a small fishing boat, and with sail and also a good engine in our boat, we set to sea.
- At the end of one month we had travelled far into the north, beyond the Pole and into a strange new country. We were much astonished at the weather there. Warm, and at times at night it was almost too warm to sleep. Then we saw something so strange that we both were astonished. Ahead of the warm open sea we were on what looked like a great mountain. Into that mountain at a certain point the ocean seemed to be emptying. Mystified, we continued in that direction and found ourselves sailing into a vast canyon leading into the interior of the earth. We kept sailing and then we saw what surprised us - a sun shining inside the earth!”
- Several of the inner earth inhabitants - huge giants - detected our boat on the river, and were quite amazed...
1.See “GIANTS 1”, for more details on this description. 2.To this point, Ch.7, pg. 82. 3.Ch.7, pg. 85. 4.Ch.1, pg. 12-13. 5.Ch.1, pg. 13.
- The presence of the open sea in the Northland is also explained. Olaf Jansen claims that the northern aperture, intake or hole, so to speak, is about fourteen hundred miles across. In connection with this, let us read what Explorer Jansen 'writes, on page 288 of his book: “I have never had such a splendid sail. On to the north steadily north, with a good wind, as fast as stream and sail can take us, an open sea mile after mile, watch after watch, through these unknown regions, always clearer and clearer of ice, one might almost say: 'How long will it last?' The eye always turns to the northward as one paces the bridge. It is gazing into the future. But them is always the same dark sky ahead which means open sea.” Again, the Norwood Review of England, in its issue of May 10, 1884, says: “We do not admit that there is ice up to the Pole - once inside the great ice barrier, a new world breaks upon the Explorer, the climate is mild like that of England, and, afterward, balmy as the Greek Isles.”.....
- My name is Olaf Jansen. I am a Norwegian, although I was born in the little seafaring Russian town of Uleaborg, on the eastern coast of the Gulf of Bothnia, the northern arm of the Baltic Sea.
I was in my nineteenth year when we started on what proved to be our last trip as fishermen, and which resulted in the strange story that shall be given to the world, - but not until I have finished my earthly pilgrimage...
There was a tradition my father explained, that still farther northward was a land more beautiful than any that mortal man had ever known, and that it was inhabited by the Chosen.
- My youthful imagination was fired by the ardor, zeal and religious fervor of my good father, and I exclaimed: 'why not sail to this goodly land? The sky is fair, the wind favorable and the sea open."....
The compass, which we had fastened back in its place, in fear of another storm, was still pointing due north, and moving on its pivot just as it had in Stockholm. The dipping of the needle had ceased. What could this mean? Then, too, our many days of sailing had certainly carried us far past the North Pole. And yet the needle continued to point north. We were sorely perplexed, for surely our direction was now south.....
- Along the banks great forests miles in extent could be seen stretching away on the shoreline. The trees were of enormous size. We landed after anchoring near a sandy beach, and waded ashore, and were rewarded by finding a quantity of nuts that were very palatable and satisfying to hunger, and a welcome change from the monotony of our stock of provisions....
1.Excerpt from the author’s Forward, pg. 5. 2.From this point on, all quotes are from Olaf Jansen, whom is dictating the story to W.G. Emerson. Pg. 7. 3.Ch.2, pg. 10. 4.Ch.3, pg. 15.
It was about the first of September, over five months we calculated, since our leave taking from Stockholm Suddenly we were frightened almost out of our wits by hearing in the far distance the singing of people. Very soon thereafter we discovered a huge ship gliding down the river directly toward us. Those aboard were singing in one mighty chorus that, echoing from bank to bank, sounded like a thousand voices, filling the whole universe with quivering melody. The accompaniment was played on stringed instruments not unlike our harps.
It was a larger ship than any we had ever seen, and was differently constructed....
The immense craft paused, and almost immediately a boat was lowered and six men of gigantic stature rowed to our little fishing-sloop. They spoke to us in a strange language. We knew from their manner, however, that they were not unfriendly. They talked a great deal among themselves, and one of them laughed immoderately, as though in finding us a queer discovery had been made. One of them spied our compass, and it seemed to interest them more than any other part of our sloop.....
- "They seem to be kindly disposed," I replied, "although what terrible giants! They must be the select six of the kingdom's crack regiment. Just look at their great size...."
- The surprise of my father and myself was indescribable when, amid the regal magnificence of a spacious hall, we were finally brought before the Great High Priest, ruler over all the land. He was richly robed, and much taller than those about him, and could not have been less than fourteen or fifteen feet in height. The immense room in which we were received seemed finished in solid slabs of gold thickly studded with jewels of amazing brilliancy....
- I remember hearing my father remark that the giant race of people in the land of 'The Smoky God had almost as accurate an idea of the geography of the "outside" surface of the earth as had the average college professor in Stockholm.......
“That at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of things in heaven, and things in earth, and things under the earth;” Phillipian 2:10
“And no man in heaven, nor in earth, neither under the earth, was able to open the book, neither to look thereon.” Revelations 5:3
“Seven rivers I beheld upon earth, greater than all rivers, one of which takes its course from the west; it to a great sea its water flows. Two comes from the north to the sea, there waters flowing into the Erythraean sea, on the east. And with respect to the remaining four, they take their course in the cavity of the north” Book Of Enoch 76:6-7
1.Ch.3, pg. 16. 2.Ch.3, pg. 19. 3.Ch.4, pg. 21.
PROLOGUE: IN THE FIRST PLACE PLEASE BEAR IN MIND THAT I do not expect you to believe this story. Nor could you wonder had you witnessed a recent experience of mine when, in the armor of blissful and stupendous ignorance, I gaily narrated the gist of it to a Fellow of the Royal Geological Society on the occasion of my last trip to London....
1.The erudite gentleman in whom I confided congealed before I was half through! It is all that saved him from exploding--and my dreams of an Honorary Fellowship, gold medals, and a niche in the Hall of Fame faded into the thin, cold air of his arctic atmosphere....
As I looked I began to appreciate the reason for the strangeness of the landscape that had haunted me from the first with an illusive suggestion of the bizarre and unnatural - THERE WAS NO HORIZON! As far as the eye could reach out the sea continued and upon its bosom floated tiny islands, those in the distance reduced to mere specks; but ever beyond them was the sea, until the impression became quite real that one was LOOKING UP at the most distant point that the eyes could fathom -distance was lost in the distance. That was all - here was no clear-cut horizontal line marking the dip of the globe below the line of vision". A great light is commencing to break on me," continued Perry, taking out his watch. "I believe that I have partially solved the riddle It is now two o'clock. When we emerged from the prospector the sun was directly above us. Where is it now?"
- I glanced up to find the great orb still motionless in the center of the heaven. And such a sun! I had scarcely noticed it before. Fully thrice the size of the sun I had known throughout my life, and apparently so near that the sight of it carried the conviction that one might almost reach up and touch it.....
When we had passed out of the amphitheater onto the great plain we saw a caravan of men and women - human beings like ourselves-and for the first time hope and relief filled my heart, until I could have cried out in the exuberance of my happiness. It is true that they were a half-naked, wild-appearing aggregation; but they at least were fashioned along the same lines as ourselves - there was nothing grotesque or horrible about them as about the other creatures in this strange, weird world.
- But as we came closer, our hearts sank once more, for we discovered that the poor wretches were chained neck to neck in a long line,... With little ceremony Perry and I were chained at the end of the line, and without further ado the interrupted march was resumed....
- On we stumbled beneath that hateful noonday sun. If we fell we were prodded with a sharp point. Our companions in chains did not stumble. They strode along proudly erect. Occasionally they would exchange words with one another in a monosyllabic language. They were a noble-appearing race with well-formed heads and perfect physiques. The men were heavily bearded, tall and muscular; the women, smaller and more gracefully molded, with great masses of raven hair caught into loose knots upon their heads. The features of both sexes were well proportioned..........
1 .As stated in the title, this is an excerpt from the author’s Prologue, E.R. Burroughs; it ends here. 2. Ch.1, pg. 7. From this point forward, the quotes are quoted by David Innes to Burroughs. 3. Ch.3. pg. 13. 4. Ch.3. pg. 14.
MY EPILOGUE: There are some additional notes I wish to point out before closing. According to the ancient manuscripts,
the Watchers not only provoked God by going into earthly women but, they also provoked Him by going into different animals - bestiality. And they taught man these depraved acts as well. And the results of their offspring, as you would probably surmise: terrible giants, unheard of abominations, horrible to look upon. Even the ancient historian Herodotus (circa 500 BC) made minute quotes of some of these atrocities (sic) of nature. But let us quote from another ancient manuscripts that was mentioned by the chroniclers of Joshua 10:13, and 2 Samuel 1:18 :
From THE BOOK OF JASHER 1.“And their judges and rulers (which were the giants at this time) went to the daughters of men and took their wives by force from their husbands according to their choice, and son of men of those days took from the cattle of the earth, the beasts of field, and fowls of the air, and taught the mixture of animals of one species with the other, in order therewith to provoke the Lord; and God saw that the whole earth and it was corrupt, for all flesh had corrupted its ways upon earth, all men and all animals.”
From THE BOOK OF JUBILEES 2.“And lawlessness increased on the earth and all flesh corrupted its way, alike men and cattle and beasts and birds and everything that walks on the earth - all of them corrupted their ways and their orders, and they began to devour each other,...”
- ...and the earth was filled with inquity (sic). And after this they sinned against the beasts and the birds, and all that moves and walks on the earth...”
I think it may be high time that we all had a little private conference with our teachers of Archaeology, Paleontology, Anthropology, Geology, and as well as Geography and Cartography.
“And the LORD said unto Satan, Whence comest thou? Then Satan answered the LORD, and said, From going to and fro in the earth, and from walking up and down in it.” Job 1:7
“The devil is the evil spirit of the lower places...” Secrets of Enoch 31:4 Compiled By,
D.M.IV - From, THE BOOK OF JASHER (The Upright Record), TGS Publishing, Yoakum, TX. 77995, Ch. 4:18, pg. 8.
- THE BOOK OF JUBILEES, Ch. 5:2, pg. 23.
- Ch. 7:24, pg. 28.
submitted by CuteBananaMuffin to conspiracy [link] [comments]
How Mortar Accuracy Works, Mortar Mechanics, Shell Effects & Usage Tips and Safe Antigrain Storage
TLDR at bottom. Version 1.2.2753
Forced Miss Radius, or why you never hit your target.
This is what you see when your mortar targets something.
This is what your mortar sees when targeting something. It is EQUALLY LIKELY to hit ANY of these hundreds of tiles. Standard ranged weapons make checks based on the weapon's accuracy, the shooter, and other things such as cover to see if their attack hits the target, and if that check passes the projectile tries to home in on the target. Mortars are NOT standard, and don't care about ANY of the above.
Despite being a structure like turrets, mortars follow the same rules as grenades and are Forced Miss Radius (FMR) weapons, which essentially is a fancy way of saying 'AoE'. All FMR weapons only care about two things: the target square and the weapon's miss radius.
The way the Forced Miss Radius works is pretty simple: in effect, it means intentionally failing the accuracy check. And to explain this, I'm going to use grenades.
Miss Radius and Direct Hit Chance are all that matter here. When thrown, grenades don't hit a square as much as they hit an 'area'. The grenade itself can land in anywhere around the target location, up to 1.9 squares away (the miss radius). Effectively, they have a 2 square radius around where you're trying to hit. There are 9 highlighted tiles and those are all the tiles the grenade can land on, and that's how the direct hit chance of 11% is calculated. The odds of hitting the middle are just 1/9 because nothing makes it more or less likely to hit the targeted square. The shooter doesn't matter, it's all about random chance. And despite not showing you this visually, mortars work the exact same way.
\"0.19% hit chance????\" Mortars have a 13 tile miss radius around the target, which is about equal to the range of a Rimworld shotgun. What your mortar saw up above is every possible square within the miss radius, which ends up being 517 tiles. The direct hit chance, or chance to hit Nihlus' tile, is literally just 1/517, which ends up being 0.19342%. This is why mortars NEVER seem to hit anywhere near the actual target; the odds of selecting a tile anywhere near the center is incredibly low. Mortar material does nothing to change this.
Mortar Mechanics and Variants
All mortars take 28 seconds to arm a shot. After the mortar is armed, it takes 4 seconds to fire the shot, after which the pawn will go and get another shell to fire again. Once the mortar is reloaded, the process repeats. Pawns that are Incapable of Violence cannot man mortars.
While there are five mortar variants, the only real differences are flammability and HP. Material does impact market price, work cost, and beauty, but the work to build a mortar is pretty negligble to begin with and the other values have no combat utility.
- Steel is the easiest to make materialswise and is a middle-of-the-road option. 180 HP isn't excellent since mortars explode if damaged under 20% of their health and a single explosion can easily do that much (and cause a chain reaction), and 40% flammability means they aren't immune to fire. Still, steel's easy to get early on and the mortar is just durable enough to survive a few raider gunshots or clubbings without exploding.
- Gold has merely 108 HP and 28% flammability. Use your gold elsewhere.
- Silver has 126 HP and 28% flammability. Again, a poor investment.
- Uranium has 450 HP for 2.5x the durability of steel and has 0% flammability, making it immune to fire. Second best to plasteel, considering both the difficulty of getting uranium and lower stats. Probably the best usage of spare uranium besides maces, though.
- Plasteel has 505 HP for slightly over 2.8x the health of steel and again has 0% flammability. 75 plasteel isn't that hard to get and is a great use for it earlygame if a making a quality weapon for a melee pawn isn't possible or viable.
While all mortars only have a .19% chance to hit the center tile, this is not the effective accuracy of the mortar shell because mortars shells (just like grenades) have an AoE effect with a varying radius depending on what shell you use.
Mortar Shells
Area of Effect for all 6 Mortar Shells (mortar target radius included for reference) for center hit. All shells have a radius on their effect, and as a result there's a massive difference in consistency between them all. Each ring represents the radius for a shell's effect if the mortar aimed at the center, and the shell of the respective type landing on any of those squares also hits the center (so if a firefoam shell landed on any gold squares it would also hit the center tile with the AoE), meaning their odds to hit vary from exceedingly unlikely to guaranteed barring structures / terrain blocking the blast. Here's the stats for all the shell variants:
HE
HE / High Explosive shells are pretty straightforward: there's a big explosion in a 3-tile radius around the hit square (or a 5x5 centered on the hit square, if that's easier to visualize). They're also the shell 99% of people use when they try to use mortars to take something out and then complain about mortars being bad.
The issue with HE shells is that multiple things are subpar. Only 25 tiles of the total 517 will actually impact the center, meaning each shell only has a 4.8356% chance to hit. Even on larger structures (enemy mortars, ship parts) the effective likelihood of hitting is only going to be about a 1/20, and that's for a single hit. Even on a direct hit, only 200 damage is done to a structure, meaning you need 6 hits to actually destroy a ship part. Even an Auto Mortar takes two (though a regular steel mortar and all mech cluster turrets only need a single hit).
In terms of combat, a moving target means even poorer accuracy and even unarmored pawns will generally tank a single hit without being downed / dying immediately, to say nothing of the natural tankiness of mechs and insectoids.
The final issue is they're just not cost-efficient. If your problem takes 40 shells, that's 1k steel and 600 chemfuel. 10 large excellent steel sculptures and that 600 chemfuel is going to be worth about 5,800 silver. Sending all of that by pod is enough to generate +76 relations, which means you could immediately hit ally with a civil outlander group and just call in aid OR straight up make any non-pirate faction neutral. Even just spending all that on gold at full value no discount gets you about 6.214 honor worth of gold, which is only about 2000 silver off from buying an aerodrone salvo and having SIX 6-square radius shells falling right on your target, which is about twice as many times you'd expect to hit your target if you just fired 60 shells and with twice the radius / 4.36x the exploded tiles per shot. Buying that much is actually cheaper than 60 shells, too...
That all being said, they're the only real consistent way to safely deal damage across the entire map. When you've hit endgame, have a dozen or two mortars, and the cost isn't a big deal, nothing can really do the same job of chipping away a couple dozen pawns consistently each raid regardless of what faction they are and where they're coming from as firing a dozen or two shells at a time.
Incendiary
Incendiary shells "explode" in a small 3-tile radius that inflicts small burns on anyone hit and and spreads several (number seems to vary) burning chemfuel puddles around the impact site as well as inflicting a very small amount of structure damage if the target was a wall (and lighting several segments on fire if said walled area is flammable). Said puddles burn for several seconds and spread fires. While they have the same abysmal 3-tile radius as HE shells and on paper only have a ~5% chance to hit, fire mechanics as a whole help out tremendously with consistency here and make them excellent area denial.
Fire can spread to any flammable material within a 3 square radius, effectively doubling the radius an incendiary shell has an effect on and meaning on average a significantly higher likelihood of catching something important on fire and causing massive spread.
Incendiary shells are phenomenal for sieges because fire will destroy any mortars being built almost instantly, PERMANENTLY taking them out.
This doesn't even need a direct hit to the mortars being worked on: hits to supplies or any single raider themselves seem to aggro the raid into attacking, immediately abandoning any mortars being built and deconstructing them. This turns a dicey situation into a regular raid plus several hundred free steel and whatever else doesn't burn before you clean up. Do note that mechs and all mech cluster turrets & buildings are fireproof, though. Unless you specifically want to burn the steel walls and barricades on a cluster, avoid using incendiary shells there.
Firefoam
Firefoam shells literally behave as a launched firefoam popper. However, they're also significantly cheaper, only costing 35 steel per shell, compared to the 75 steel / 1 component that a popper costs.
Contrary to the wiki, firefoam doesn't slow pawns as of 1.2.2753. nor does the explosion appear to disable shields. Mechanically it's pretty basic, it acts much like filth (and doesn't disappear unless cleaned / rain washes it away) but prevents fire from being on the tiles that it's on (though pawns themselves can still catch fire. This doesn't make you immune to inferno cannons!). As an explosion, it will also extinguish any structures nearby. Note that a structure being on or adjacent to firefoam doesn't matter; your walls and table CAN catch fire again despite firefoam being out. This means it can slow down spread, but can't stop walls or furniture from being reignited. This WILL prevent trees and grasses from igniting, though.
Despite a mortar-fired firefoam shell explosion actually being smaller than a popped firefoam popper (which has an effect radius of 14, compared to something like 6 for the mortar projectile), the shells themselves (not loaded) have an explosion size equal to a firefoam popper. Since fire will ignite them all the same, they can actually be used as a cheaper and beauty-neutral way to fireproof your home and stockpiles compared to poppers. That being said, an 85 tile coverage on the mortar shell means you have a 16.44% chance of foaming what you want to, which isn't bad since odds are any shot will significantly impede / slow down a raging fire.
Smoke
Smoke shells make a massive cloud of smoke appear over the target area. Smoke lasts only about 20 seconds but does two important things: shooting through it reduces accuracy by 70% and turrets will not fire if any amount of smoke is between them and their target. A wild bullet is still dangerous and can be intercepted by friendlies even if it "misses", however.
Smoke is particularly amazing for mech clusters and for making safe retreats. Nothing in the game generates a smoke cloud this large, and 161 tiles of coverage means you have about a 1/3 (31.14%) of impacting the center tile, which isn't even necessary for smoke to do its job. One shot between you and the turrets is all you need to get a smoke launcher pawn safely in to lock a cluster down, lob a few grenades, or bait out mechs, taking out a big problem for only 35 steel.
EMP
EMP shells are pretty self explanatory: they make a massive EMP blast centered on the hit tile. A titanic area coverage of 241 tiles gives a ~46.6% chance of hitting the target square, or about a 71.5% chance of hitting the target with two shells.
EMP mechanics are simple but varied: everything remotely electronic gets shorted out, but each object / unit have their own mechanics with how they deal with it and are stunned with different durations. Here's the crash course:
- Mortars, auto mortars, mini-turrets, auto-cannon turrets, uranium slug turrets, and all mech cluster turrets get stunned for 25 seconds upon EMP'd and cannot fire. Mechs ALSO get stunned for 25 seconds, but "adapt" to EMP effects and prevent further stuns for 36.67 seconds. Because they're still stunned, however, this effectively only gives them 11.67 seconds to act between stuns.
- Cluster shields (high and low) only get stunned for 18 seconds per hit. However for high shields, being hit by the EMP shell is guaranteed due to the shield radius being larger than the mortar miss radius.
- Shield belts are disabled for 53.333 seconds, pawns with nuclear, reprocessor, and detoxifier stomachs vomit, and pawns with cicardian, neurocalculator, and learning assistant impants are downed for about 57 seconds. Incapacitating pawns with EMP does NOT cause a decrease to relations as of current release, and rescuing pawns downed in this way causes them to leave the map after recovering and gives a free relations boost in addition to whatever equipment they dropped (though this only really applies to Empire pawns).
EMP shells are incredibly niche because they're only really usable for mechanoid attacks, but they're also incredibly good at countering them. If you struggle with mechs, especially clusters, give them a try.
Antigrain
Here's the nuke. Antigrain warheads have an explosion radius two tiles longer than the actual miss radius of a mortar, meaning they are guaranteed to damage the targeted tile unless walls get in the way of the blast. Antigrain can destroy walls, but the blast won't travel past them.
Antigrain will destroy just about anything. Adjacent structures will take about 2100 damage, destroying everything and everyone in the game bar compacted plasteel and uranium ore. Ship parts and EMI Dynamos (which don't actually power down mortars despite EMP hits disabling them) are destroyed outright if the warhead strikes within 9 tiles of the ship part (79.3% chance), every other condition-causer in the game will be destroyed regardless.
Being hit will atomize anyone, and even being on the fringe is almost certainly a death, but it's not guaranteed. Tough pawns also have a much better chance of surviving since they take half damage. It's almost a guaranteed down on everything that survives though, which means virtually all hostile NPCs bar the tanky centipede in the radius will die.
Their purpose and value is obvious, so let's talk about something else: storage tricks. A poorly-stored antigrain firing off can end a game, so here's a tip and two ways to keep your warhead safe but easily accessible:
- Tantrums love focusing on these shells since they have a high market value of $1200. The challenge isn't just making a safe place for the shell, it's a safe place that also prevents a pawn from atomizing themselves.
- Transport pods are tantrum-proof and will protect the shell from damage until the pod or pod launcher is broken. While not fireproof, this lets the shell take even a direct mortar round without suffering any damage.
- Mortar shells inside a mortar don't actually explode when the mortar itself is destroyed; the mortar merely explodes with a set explosion radius and the shell is lost. This means that storing an antigrain warhead inside a mortar itself is actually one of the safest and most convenient places to put it if you're worried about the shell exploding in your base, especially if you splurge on one of the durable and fireproof mortar types.
Conclusion
Mortars are extremely expensive and have poor results when people try to use them like a win button to circumvent fighting with their pawns (without using antigrains, which are for doing exactly that). They are very effective when they're used as a support tool for your combat squad to make it easier for THEM to go out and fight, as long as you're careful and don't EMP the wrong colonist.
Despite pawns incapable of violence no longer being able to use them, pawns without combat skills still have a way to make encounters much safer for your squads with a well-placed smoke, incendiary, or EMP. Give them a try, especially firefoam shells as a substitute for poppers!
TLDR: 0.19% chance to hit target tile, shell variants impact effective accuracy. - 4.84% for HE (bad)
- 4.84% for Incendiary (okay)
- 16.44% for Firefoam (use instead of poppers)
- 31.14% for Smoke (good)
- 46.62% for EMP (amazing)
- 100% for Antigrain (lol)
Avoid HE Shells, the rest have niches. Smoke and EMP in particular are incredible for dismantling mech clusters. submitted by Spazgrim to RimWorld [link] [comments]
Complete List of Verified Perks (Working / Not Working / Partially Working) [WIP]
Complete list of perks sorted by attribute and skill tested for functionality based on the description and performance in game.
Main takeaways from this list:
- A lot of perks are not working at all
- Some are working under conditions not specified in their descriptions.
- Some are missing key details that make a significant difference in how to interpret their effects.
Perks with critical chance are generally ignored, due to difficulty of testing.
EDIT: Update for the new 1.1 release here:
https://www.reddit.com/cyberpunkgame/comments/l30rq7/11_update_complete_list_of_verified_perks_working/
Body - Athletics:
- Regeneration: "Health slowly regenerates during combat."
- Partially Working. With this perk alone, regen starts only below 60% and heals up to 60%.
- Invincible: "Increases max health by 10%."
- Working only on base HP. 10% of base HP at lvl 50 = 43 HP.
- Pack Mule: "Increases carrying capacity by 60."
- Divided Attention: "Allows you to reload weapons while sprinting, sliding, and vaulting."
- Working in both situations: Running then reloading, reloading then running.
- Epimorphosis: "Health regenerates up to 70% of max Health outside of combat."
- Working exactly at all tiers.
- True Grit: "Increases max stamina by 10%."
- Working only on base Stamina. 10% of base stamina at lvl 50 = 15 stamina.
- Soft on your feet: "Reduces fall damage by 5%."
- Gladiator: "Reduces the amount of Stamina consumed when blocking melee attacks by 20%."
- Steel and Chrome: "Increases melee damage by 10%."
- Multitasker: "Allows you to shoot while sprinting, sliding, and vaulting."
- Working
- Sprinting and aiming does not work.
- Sliding and aiming works.
- Vault aiming works, but no scope used.
- Like a Butterfly: "Dodging does not drain Stamina."
- Stronger Together: "Increases damage you deal while carrying a body."
- Working
- Increases damage specifically by 2x.
- Cardio Cure: "Health regenerates 25% faster as you move."
- Working better than described.
- Tested 4 scenarios. No perk, Perk but staying still, Perk and walking, Perk and running.
- Regenerating 25% faster interpreted as 25% more HP per second rather than taking 25% less time. Tested no perk, and it took 14.1 seconds to heal to 100%. Added perk and in all 3 scenarios (including standing still), it took 11.6 seconds. That's only slightly off from exactly 25% increased regeneration, which I believe is caused simply from a delay between closing the menu and the perk actually working.
- Transporter: "Allows you to shoot with Pistols and Revolvers or sprint while carrying a body."
- Human Shield: "Increases armor by 20% when grappling an enemy."
- Marathoner: "Sprinting does not drain Stamina."
- Dog of War: "Increases Health regen in combat by 15%"
- Wolverine: "Health regen activates 50% faster during combat."
- Not working, but still not 100% sure.
- If faster regen has to activate, that means that in combat there's a time period where it's deactivated and a time period where the timer for activating begins, otherwise there's nothing to shorten.
- There's no clear indicator for when those transitions happen, so I recorded a combat and tried to copy how I received my last tick of damage.
- There's a spot in Watson at a low level gang activity that has a netrunner and a bunch of storm troopers that can't hit anything. I let the netrunner use overheat on me, which put me below 60%, and before the final tick of overheat I would run to cover and ensure combat persisted. I recorded from the moment of the last tick up to the point where health regen started, and in both cases it took about 5.1 seconds.
- In the test above I leveled the perk twice (90% faster activation) to make it more obvious if it did work, so all things considered I think it's safe to conclude that it does not.
- Steel Shell: "Increases armor by 10%."
- The Rock: "Enemies cannot knock you down."
- Working
- Credits to u/Accrudant for suggesting a way to test this since I never seem to get knocked down by enemies. Getting hit by a car clearly demonstrates that you stay on your feet. However, fair warning: There are some weird game physics that cause the car to sometimes drive right through you, which always resulted in me dying. Only getting hit by the car and getting out of the way seemed to keep me alive.
- Indestructible: "Reduces all damage by 10%."
- Working. Seems to be a flat reduction applied to final damage received.
- Hard Motherfucker: "When entering combat, Armor and Resistances increase by 10% for 10 sec. +1% per level."
- Not working
- Going into any combat, armor with this perk leveled up remains the same.
Body - Annihilation:
- Speed Demon: "You deal more damage the faster you're moving."
- Working only on SG and LMG
- Walking is about 1.5x, running is about 2x, and bunny hopping is 3x minimum up to about 6x.
- Manic: "When entering combat, your movement speed increases by 20% for 10 sec."
- Working only when holding a SG or LMG
- Burn Baby Burn: "Doubles the duration of Burn"
- Working.
- Confirmed using Overheat, so the source of burn does not have to be from a shotgun or LMG.
- Mongoose: "Increases Evasion by 25% while reloading."
- All evasion related items/perks are not working
- Momentum Shift: "Defeating an enemy increases movement speed by 10% for 10 sec."
- Massacre: "Increases Crit Damage with Shotguns and Light Machine Guns by 15%"
- Pump it, Louder!: "Reduces recoil of Shotguns and Light Machine Guns by 10%."
- Not working, but hard to tell.
- I stood in the same position away from a wall, centered my crosshair at a point I always returned to, fired and captured how far away from the center the crosshair moves from the recoil kick.
- There are probably better ways to test this, but comparing those distances without the perk and with it maxed (20% reduction), I saw no visible differences.
- Hail of Bullets: "Shotguns and Light Machine Guns deal 3% more damage."
- In Your Face: "Reduces reload time of Shotguns and Light Machine Guns by 20%."
- Bloodbath: "Dismembering enemies reduces weapon recoil by 50% for 6 sec."
- Not working
- Tested in a similar way I tested Pump it, Louder! Used a reference point from a fixed distance after dismembering enemies and compared reload kicks. Didn't seem different.
- Also tested on pistols and rifles, no clear difference.
- Bulldozer: "Increases Crit Chance with Shotguns and Light Machine Guns by 10%."
- Bloodrush: "Increases movement speed in combat by 5% while carrying a Shotgun or Light Machine Gun."
- Dead Center: "Increases damage to torsos by 10%."
- Heavy Lead: "Shotguns and Light Machine Guns knock back enemies with more force."
- Skeet Shooter: "Deal 15% more damage to moving targets."
- Unstoppable: "Dismembering an enemy increases fire rate by 10% for 8 sec. Stacks up to 3 times."
- Working only on SG/LMG (credit to u/Thestrongman420 for specifying the type of guns for this perk as well as Dead Center)
- Using a carnage and measuring the time between shots is how I confirmed that it works. Without the perk the shots consistently took 1.3 seconds to fire, and with some stacks (not sure, I was just shooting as fast as possible dismembering all that I could) it dropped down to 1.1.
- Biathlete: "Weapon spread does not increase while moving."
- Not sure.
- Fired a carnage with my back against the wall at the opposite wall, then did the same while moving sideways. Without the perk you can hardly tell the difference.
- Tried multiple times and couldn't find a case where the spread is changed significantly, meaning I don't know how to test if the spread is not increasing with the perk.
- Poppin' Off: "Shotguns have 25% higher chance of dismembering enemies."
- Hit The Deck: "Increases damage to staggered and knocked-down enemies by 10%."
- Not working
- Tried both cases where the knocked down enemy was still alive trying to get up or neutralized (but not dead). Damage appeared to be the same vs shooting them while they're standing.
Body - Street Brawler:
- Thrash: "Strong Attacks with Blunt Weapons reduce the target's Armor by 30% for 10 sec."
- Working
- I can't know for sure if it's 30% armor reduction, but my basic fist attacks went from a consistent 600 to 800 after using a single strong attack on enemies.
- Frenzy: "Defeating an enemy increases damage with Blunt Weapons by 100% for 10 sec."
- Biding Time: "Blocking attacks with a Blunt Weapon restores 5% Health."
- Working
- Worth noting that when testing in a Beat on the Brat mission, consecutive combo attacks from the enemy only healed me once. Trying to refresh my block every hit didn't change that. I only healed again once the enemy backed off and started a new combo.
- Human Fortress: "Reduces the Stamina cost of blocking attacks by 50% while using a Blunt Weapon."
- Opportune Strike: "Increases damage with Blunt Weapons against enemies affected by Stun by 50%."
- Working
- Note: It can be hard to see the Stun effect. It appears over their head, but can be blocked by the enemy type logo.
- Payback: "Increases damage with Blunt Weapons by 1% for every 1% of missing Health"
- Juggernaut: "Increases Armor by 15% while blocking with a Blunt Weapon."
- Not working
- Holding block and checking your stats page shows no change in armor.
- I also tried initiating combat and blocking an attack to see if the armor buff only happens when you're actually blocking something, and it still showed no change.
- Flurry: "Increases damage from combo attacks with Blunt Weapons by 30%."
- Crushing Blows: "Increases damage from Strong Attacks with Blunt Weapons by 30%."
- Rush: "Successful attacks with Blunt Weapons regenerate 3% Health over 2 Sec."
- Working
- Not entirely sure how the gradual regeneration works, but the number for health increases instantly. The health bar shows the regeneration happening gradually, and I couldn't get an enemy to hit me while that was happening so that I could see if the number would drop back down and stop between those 2 seconds.
- Dazed: "All attacks with Blunt Weapons have a 15% chance to Stun."
- Efficient Blows: "Reduces the Stamina cost of all attacks with Blunt Weapons by 25%."
- Guerrilla: "Increases Crit Damage for 10 sec. after entering combat. +2% per level."
- Not working
- Tried with fists, socket wrench, rifle, and shotgun. No clear results.
- Relentless: "Successful attacks with Blunt Weapons against enemies affected by Stun restore 20% Stamina."
- Reinvigorate: "Defeating an enemy by performing a Strong Attack with a Blunt Weapon restores 10% Stamina."
- Not working
- With enough perks leveled up, a strong attack takes very little stamina. Something like 5%. I paid attention to my stamina bar per attack, which only decreased by a small amount, and when defeating the enemy the drop in stamina remained consistent for all the attacks that didn't defeat the enemy.
- Tried with fists and a socket wrench, and even only using strong attacks the entire time. Still no 30% increase in stamina for any defeated enemy.
- Breathing Space: "Increases Stamina regen while blocking with Blunt Weapons by 50%"
- Unshakeable: "Successful attacks with Blunt Weapons against enemies affected by Stun restore 5% Health and 5% Stamina."
- Working.
- The window for stun time on enemies is really short. Something to note.
Reflexes - Assault:
- Bulletjock: "Increases damage with rifles by 3%."
- Eagle Eye: "Reduces time to aim down sight with Rifles and Submachine Guns by 10%."
- Covering Killshot: "Increases Crit Chance with Rifles by 10% when firing from behind cover."
- Too Close For Comfort: "Quick melee attacks with Rifles deal 50% more damage."
- Bullseye: "Increases Rifle and Sumachine Gun damage while aiming by 10%"
- Executioner: "Deal 25% more damage with Rifles and Submachine Guns to enemies whose Health is above 50%."
- Duck Hunter: "Increases Rifle and Submachine Gun damage to moving enemies by 10%"
- Shoot, Reload, Repeat: "Defeating an enemy with a Rifle or Submachine Gun reduces reload time by 20% for 5 seconds."
- Nerves of Steel: "Increases headshot damage with Sniper Rifles and Rrecision Rifles by 20%."
- Not Working
- If someone can confirm that'd be great, but I was not able to produce headshot numbers that were 30% higher than what I was getting without the perk. Tested using an SPT32 Grad on some Valentinos and the number stayed around 60k the entire way through. 30% is a big number and should be very easy to notice.
- Feel the Flow: "Reduces reload time for Assault Rifles and Submachine Guns by 10%."
- Trench Warfare: "Increases Rifle and Submachine Gun damage by 5% when firing from behind cover."
- Working
- Standing behind a low wall does not count as cover
- Hunter's Hands: "Reduces recoil with Rifles and Submachine Guns by 20% when firing from behind cover."
- Not working
- Tried this without the perk, with the perk but standing, with the perk and crouched behind cover, with the perk and standing behind wall cover, with the perk and crouched behind wall cover. They all produce the same recoil pattern with a full clip. Identical shapes and size.
- Named Bullets: "Increases Crit Damage with Rifles and Submachine Guns by 35%."
- Skull Skipper: "Each headshot reduces recoil with Rifles and Submachine Guns by 5% for 10 sec. Stacks up to 5 times."
- Not working
- Started the test by clearing a group of enemies, ensuring that I was consistently getting headshots.
- Followed by unloading a full magazine at a wall from a predetermined standing position.
- Waited for over 10 seconds to make sure all the stacks were gone, repeated. Repeated several times to be sure.
- Recoil looks exactly the same
- Bunker: "Increases Armor and Resistances by 15% when shooting with Rifles and Submachine Guns from behind cover."
- Not working
- Tried holding a rifle behind cover, holding down the trigger and opening the stats page, crouched or standing behind cover nothing seems to have an impact on the armor stat.
- Recoil Wrangler: "Reduces recoil with Rifles and Submachine Guns by 10%."
- Not working
- Tried simply shooting at a wall with the perk, reset all my perk points and fired over the same pattern exactly.
- In Perspective: "Bullets fired from Rifles and Submachine Guns ricochet an additional 2 time(s)."
- Long Shot: "Rifle and Submachine Gun damage increases the farther you are located from enemies."
- Working
- Use a Grandstead scope on a gun to see distance from target in the top right corner. Every 23.6 distance gives you 100% extra weapon damage.
- Savage Stoic: "Increases damage with Rifles and Submachine Guns by 35% when standing still."
- Punisher: "After defeating an enemy with a Rifle or Submachine Gun, weapon sway is nullified and weapon spread does not increase for 10 sec. +0.2 sec. per Perk level."
- Not working
- Tested by focusing and centering my crosshair in ADS without the perk, noticing a slight drift within a few seconds. Killed a nearby enemy with the same rifle and tried aiming at the same point. The drift was still present.
Reflexes - Handguns
- Gunslinger: "Reduces reload time for Pistols and Revolvers by 10%."
- High Noon: "Increases Crit Chance with Pistols and Revolvers by 4%."
- Rio Bravo: "Increases headshot damage multiplier with Pistols and Revolvers by 10%."
- Desperado: "Increases damage with Pistols and Revolvers by 3%."
- On the Fly: "Reduces draw/holster time for Pistols and Revolvers by 25%."
- Long Shot Drop Pop: "Increases damage with Pistols and Revolvers to enemies 5+ meters away by 15%."
- O.K. Corral: "Deal 50% more damage with Pistols and Revolvers to enemies whose Health is below 25%."
- Steady Hand: "Reduces Pistol and Revolver recoil by 30%."
- Not working
- Honestly I'm starting to feel like I'm not testing recoil right. I used a Quasar for this since it can fire in automatic mode. Looked at the bullet hole trail before and after the perk was leveled up and they look exactly the same.
- Vanishing Point: "Evasion increases by 25% for 6 sec. after performing a dodge with a Pistol or Revolver equipped."
- All evasion related items/perks are not working
- From Head to Toe: "Increases damage to limbs with Pistols and Revolvers by 7%."
- A Fistful of Eurodollars: "Increases Crit Damage with Pistols and Revolvers by 10%."
- Acrobat: "You can now perform dodges while aiming a Pistol or Revolver."
- Working better then intended? wtf?
- Someone correct me if I'm wrong, but I was able to dodge while aiming a pistol before I even leveled the perk. So this does nothing I suppose? Double tapping a direction is dodging on PC right? lol
- Grand Finale: "The last round in a Pistol or Revolver clip deals double damage."
- Attritional Fire: "Firing consecutive shots with a Pistol or Revolver at the same target increases damage by 10%."
- Wild West: "Removes the damage penalty from Pistols and Revolvers when shooting from a distance."
- Westworld: "Increases Crit Chance for Pistols and Revolvers by 10% if fully modded."
- Snowball Effect: "After defeating an enemy, fire rate for Pistols and Revolvers increases by 5% for 6 sec. Stacks up to 5 times."
- Lead Sponge: "Enables you to shoot with Pistols and Revolvers while dodging."
- Working
- Although I could already dodge while aiming without the Acrobat perk, I definitely couldn't shoot while dodging. I could shoot right before dodging, which almost gave the illusion that I could. But testing with slow motion allowed me to clearly see that this allows you to fire mid dodge.
- Brainpower: "After a successful headshot with a Pistol or Revolver, Crit Chance increases by 25% for 5 sec."
- Working
- Tested and the % change is visible on gun after the headshot.
- The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly: "After a successful Crit Hit with a Pistol or Revolver, damage and Armor increase by 30% for 5 seconds. +1% per Perk level."
- Not working
- Tested firing continuously at the same enemy. After a critical, stats page shows no change in armor, and you can clearly see from the continuous shots that no damage change is happening.
Reflexes - Blades:
- Sting Like a Bee: "Increases attack speed with Blades by 10%."
- Working (Credit to u/Thestrongman420 for pointing this out)
- Up to your blade's attack speed cap.
- Roaring Waters: "Strong Attacks with Blades deal 30% more damage."
- Crimson Dance: "Combos with Blades have a 15% chance to apply Bleeding."
- Slow and Steady: "Armor is increased by 15% while moving."
- Working only for blades, don't have to be moving.
- Flight of the Sparrow: "Reduces the Stamina cost of all attack with Blades by 30%"
- Offensive Defense: "Defensive Attacks with Blades deal 200% more damage."
- Working
- Note: Tested this by itself, the buff also applies to strong attacks. Probably not intentional. Defensive attacks are performed by holding block and then attacking while still holding it.
- Shifting Sands: "Dodging recovers 15% Stamina."
- Stuck Pig: "Increases Bleeding duration by 3 sec."
- Blessed Blade: "Increases Crit Chance with Blades by 20%."
- Unbroken Spirit: "Successful Counterattacks with Blades restore 25% Health and Stamina."
- Bloodlust: "While wielding a Blade, recovers 7% Health when applying Bleeding to an enemy or hitting an enemy affected by Bleeding."
- Partially working. Only healed on first hit off a bleeding enemy. All other cases did not heal.
- Float Like a Butterfly: "Dodging increases damage with Blades by 35% for 5 sec."
- Judge, Jury, and Executioner: "Increases damage with Blades by 50% against enemies with max Health."
- Fiery Blast: "Increases damage with Blades by 1% for every 1% of Health the enemy is missing."
- Crimson Tide: "Bleeding applied with Blades can stack 3 times."
- Working. Stacking = applied at the same time, not extending the time.
- Deathbolt: "While wielding a Blade, defeating an enemy restores 20% Health and increases movement speed by 30% for 5 sec."
- Dragon Strike: "Increases Crit Damage with Blades by 25%. +1% per Perk level."
Intelligence - Breach Protocol:
- Big Sleep: "Unlocks the Big Sleep daemon, which disables all cameras in the network for 3 min."
- Mass Vulnerability: "Unlocks the Mass Vulnerability daemon, which reduces the Physical Resistance for all enemies in the network by 30% for 3 min."
- Update: Not working. Tested physical damage on enemies before/after uploading.
- Almost In!: "Increases the breach time for Breach Protocol by 20%."
- Working, credit to u/Geohfunk for reminding me to fix this
- Advanced Datamine: "Upgrades the Datamine daemon, increasing the amount of eurodollars acquired from Access Points by 50%."
- Mass Vulnerability: Resistances: "Upgrades the Mass Vulnerability daemon, reducing all Resistances for enemies in the network by 30%."
- Working. Update: Reduced resistances can be seen clearly when scanning before/after the upload.
- Extended Network Interface: "Automatically highlights nearby Access Points."
- Datamine Mastermind: "Upgrades the Datamine daemon, increasing the amount of components acquired from Access Points by 50%."
- Working giving you rounded amounts
- Turret Shutdown: "Unlocks the Turret Shutdown daemon, which disables security turrets in the network for 3 min."
- Total Recall: "The ICEpick daemon reduces all quickhack costs by an additional 1 RAM unit(s)."
- Working, but note that enemies can have varying costs within a network. Almost threw me off seeing what I thought were incorrect costs
- Turret Tamer: "Unlocks the Turret Tamer daemon, which sets the status of every turret in the network to friendly for 3 min."
- Datamine Virtuoso: "Upgrades the Datamine daemon, increasing the chance to acquire a quickhack from Access Points by 50%."
- Cloud Cache: "Completing a Breach Protocol reduces the RAM cost of your next quickhack by 1 time(s) the number of daemons uploaded."
- Efficiency: "Uploading 3 or more daemons in the same Breach Protocol increases cyberdeck RAM recovery rate by 3 unit(s) per 60 sec. Lasts 5 min."
- Mass Vulnerability: Quickhacks: "Upgrades the Mass Vulnerability daemon, causing enemies in the network to also take 30% more damage from quickhacks."
- Totaler Recall: "The ICEpick daemon reduces all quickhack costs by an additional 1 RAM unit(s)."
- Head Start: "Automatically uploads the first daemon in the list at the start of Breach Protocol."
- Hackathon: "Uploading 3 or more daemons in the same Breach Protocol shortens quickhack cooldowns by 33% for 5 min."
- Buffer Optimization: "Increases the duration of daemon effects by 100%."
- Compression: "Reduces the lengths of the sequences required to upload daemons by 1. Cannot be reduced below 2."
- Transmigration: "Increases the breach time of Breach Protocol by 50%. +5% per Perk level."
Intelligence - Quickhacking:
- Bloodware: "Quickhacks deal 10% more damage."
- Working, but either the percent is wrong or there's a base damage that isn't visible. Extra damage seems lower than 30% at max level.
- Biosynergy: "Allows RAM to recover during combat. Recover 4 RAM unit(s) every 60 sec."
- Forget-me-not: "Eliminating a target affected by a quickhack instantly recovers 1 RAM unit(s)."
- Hacker's Manual: "Unlocks Crafting Specs for Uncommon quickhacks."
- I Spy: "Reveals an enemy netrunner when they're attempting to hack you."
- Weak Link: "Reduces the required cyberdeck RAM for quickhacks used on devices by 1 unit(s)."
- Daisy Chain: "Eliminating a target affected by a quickhack reduces the existing cooldowns for all other active quickhacks by 10%."
- Working.
- Not exactly as described. Rather than decreasing by 10% it drops your CD time to 10% (90% reduction) of the cooldown value. A 100 second cooldown will drop to 10 seconds if you eliminate an enemy right after.
- Signal Support: "Increases quickhack duration by 25%."
- Subliminal Message: "Quickhacks deal 50% more damage to unaware targets."
- Diffusion: "Quickhack spread distance is increased by 2 times."
- Working. Only confirmed the distance is increased, can't be sure about 2 times.
- Mnemonic: "Reduces the cost of quickhacks used against an enemy already affected by a quickhack by 2 RAM units."
- School of Hard Hacks: "Unlocks Crafting Specs for Rare quickhacks."
- Plague: "Quickhacks that spread can jump to 1 additional targets."
- Hacker Overlord: "Unlocks Crafting Specs for Epic quickhacks."
- Critical Error: "Quickhacks can now deal Crit Hits based on your Crit Chance and Crit Damage stats."
- Anamnesis: "Available cyberdeck RAM cannot drop below 2 unit(s)."
- Not working. (Credit to u/KolinarK for the correction)
- Bartmoss' Legacy: "Unlocks Crafting Specs for Legendary quickhacks."
- Optimization: "Reduces the cost of quickhacks by 1 RAM unit(s)."
- Master RAM Liberator: "Increase RAM recovery rate by 50%."
- Wow... this may be the one and only working level 20 perk. Tested thoroughly checking time to recover ram and this is working.
Technical Ability - Crafting:
- Mechanic: "Gain more components when disassembling."
- Working.
- Only provides extra common, uncommon, and rare materials.
- Scrapper: "Junk items are automatically disassembled."
- True Craftsman: "Allows you to craft Rare items."
- Workshop: "Disassembling items grants a 5% chance to gain a free component of the same quality as the disassembled item."
- Innovation: "Consumables are 25% more effective."
- Working (Credit to u/doubleaction321 for finding what the description meant)
- The correct description would be Consumables last 25%/50% longer
- Sapper: "Grenades deal 10% more damage."
- Not working.
- Update: Tested even with crafted grenades and I couldn't see the difference.
- 200% Efficiency: "Crafted clothes gain 2.5% more armor."
- Not working.
- Tested on the legendary hats, which at lvl 50 have 59.8 armor every time. Upgraded perk made no difference.
- Field Technician: "Crafted weapons deals 2.5% more damage."
- Partially working
- Tested crafting a bunch of NUEs, noted damage range, repeated after leveling perk, all the range values were higher.
- Melee weapons dont have consistent increased damage, and never reached 5% for me.
- Grease Monkey: "Allows you to craft Epic items."
- Efficient Upgrades: "Grants a 10% chance to upgrade an item for free."
- Working
- Note: Even though an upgrade may be free, the cost still goes up as usual per upgrade.
- Ex Nihilo: "Grants a 20% chance to craft an item for free."
- Let there be light!: "Reduces the component cost of upgrading items by 10%"
- Cost Optimization: "Reduces the component cost of crafting items by 15%"
- Tune-up: "Allows you to upgrade lower quality components into higher quality ones."
- Waste not want not: "When disassembling an item, you get attached mods back."
- Edgerunner Artisan: "Allows you to craft Legendary items."
- Crazy Science: "Increases the sale price of crafted items by 10%. +1% per Perk level."
- Works temporarily. Breaks after you load your save. Would advise against using any points here. Credit to: u/Crazy_Odd
- Cutting Edge: "Improves damages and all damage-related stats of crafted weapons by 5%."
- Partially working
- This includes not just the base damage, but element damage, crit chance, crit damage, headshot bonus, etc.
- Works on guns, no effect on melee weapons
- Credit to u/BlyFot for pointing this out
Technical Ability - Engineering:
Important Note: RT-46 Burya and Comrade's Hammer DO NOT have charging capabilities. Be mindful when leveling perks. (Credit to
u/djcoffi )
- Blast Shielding: "Reduces damage taken from explosions by 10%."
- I'm so over this one. The number of god damn save files I've made standing in front of this explosive device is absurd. I either die or it misses, and with the perk I die or it misses. TBD
- Mech Looter: "When looting drones, mechs and robots, there is a 25% chance of looting a weapon mod or attachment."
- Not working
- Looted a bunch of drones and mechs, never found any with maxed perk at 75% chance.
- Can't touch this: "Grants immunity to all effects from your own grenades."
- Grenadier: "The explosion radius of grenades is visible."
- Working
- Aiming the grenade rather than throwing it immediately shows the radius
- Shrapnel: "All grenade types deal 20 damage in addition to their normal types."
- Not working
- Tried with a recon grenade and flash grenade, neither did any damage.
- Up to 11: "Allows you to charge Tech weapons up to 75% capacity."
- Working, but misleading description
- It means an additional 75% capacity, or 100% at level 2.
- Lock and load: "Increases Smart weapons reload speed by 5%."
- Bladerunner: "Increase damage to drones, mech and robots by 20%."
- Bigger Booms: "Grenades deal 5% more damage."
- Lighting Bolt: "Increases Crit Chance with Tech weapons by 3%."
- Not testing, but noticed upgrading this did not change the weapon description's crit chance number.
- Tesla: "Increase the charge multiplier for Tech weapons by 15%."
- Working. Descriptions change once you pull out the weapon.
- Gun Whisperer: "Fully charged Tech weapons do not shoot automatically."
- Working with 1 exception
- Credit to u/djcoffi : Perk does not work with DR12 Quasar
- Ubercharge: "Fully charged Tech weapons deal 50% more damage."
- Working (credit to u/DapperHamsteaks)
- Need Up to 11 maxed for 100% charge, which is what fully is defined as here.
- Insulation: "Grants immunity to shock."
- Fuck all walls: "Reduces the charge amount needed for Tech weapons to penetrate walls by 30%."
- Play the angles: "Ricochets deal an additional 50% damage."
- Not working
- Tested with an overture. Damage was the same.
- Lickety Split: "Tech weapons charge time is reduced by 10%."
- Superconductor: "Tech weapons ignore Armor."
- Not working
- Tested on high level valentinos. Damage didn't change.
- Revamp: "Increases damage Tech weapons by 25%, increases charges damage from all chargeable weapons and cyberware by 10%. +1% charge damage per Perk level."
- Jackpot: "Enables grenades to deal Crit Hits."
Cool - Stealth:
- Silent And Deadly: "Increases damage dealt by silenced weapons by 25% while sneaking."
- Crouching Tiger: "Increases movement speed while sneaking by 20%."
- Hidden Dragon: "Allows you to perform lethal or non-lethal aerial takedowns on unaware targets."
- Dagger Dealer: "Allows you to throw knives. Hold L2 to aim and press R2 to throw."
- Leg Up: "Movement speed after a successful takedown is increased by 30% for 10 sec."
- Strike From The Shadows: "Increases your Crit Chance by 15% while sneaking."
- Assassin: "Deal 15% more damage to human enemies."
- Sniper: "Increases damage from headshots fired from outside combat by 30%."
- Cutthroat: "Thrown knives deal 30% more damage."
- Aggressive Antitoxins: "Grants immunity to Poison."
- Clean Work: "You can pick up an enemy's body immediately after performing a takedown by holding R3."
- Stunning Blows: "Quick Melee Attacks with ranged weapons stagger enemies, giving you an opportunity to grapple them."
- From The Shadows: "Upon entering combat, Crit Chance increases by 25% for 7 sec."
- Ghost: "Detection time is increased by 20%."
- Commando: "You cannot be detected under water."
- TBD
- Can't find a good place to test this.. Tried getting noticed, let enemies move towards me, and I would jump into the water. Can't tell if they're still chasing me, says I'm still in combat, but very shortly after it takes me out of combat. If it's this hard to find somewhere to test this I doubt anyone will care about it.
- Venomous Fangs: "All knives apply Poison."
- Rattlesnake: "Enemies affected by Poison are slowed."
- Not working
- Tested with a knife. Poison applied or not they move the same in combat
- Silent Finisher: "Enemies with less than 15% Health are defeated instantly when attacked with a Knife. Does not work on enemies with a Very High threat level."
- Hasty Retreat: "Temporarily boosts movement speed by 50% for 5 sec. when detected by an enemy."
- Restorative Shadows: "While in stealth, increases Health regen by 25%."
- Neurotoxin: "Damage from Poison is doubled."
- Working
- Note that Contagion (which I used a lot for poison tests) does not seem affected by poison perks. Poison can come from any source but contagion it seems.
- Hasten The Inevitable: "Deal 20% more damage to enemies affected by Poison."
- Working better (Fixed by u/DapperHamsteaks)
- Test gave wrong results because the 20% is always applied, poisoned or not.
- Cheat Death: "When your Health drops below 50%, reduce all incoming damage by 50% for 10 sec. Cannot occur more than once per minute."
- Working.
- Status effect bar shows triple arrow down and duration.
- Ninjutsu: "Crouch Attacks from stealth with melee weapons deal 100% more damage and are guaranteed crits."
- Update: NOT WORKING (Credit to u/DarkTangent10)
- Tested with: All katanas, kukri, machete, knife, socket wrench, hammer, crowbar, tomahawk. No go.
- Only worked with baseball bats (regular and iconic)
- Toxicology: "Increases the duration of Poison applied to enemies by 5 seconds. +0.2 sec. per Perk level."
- Not working.
- Tried with contagion and applying poison via knives. No effect.
Cool - Cold Blood:
- Cold Blood: "After defeating an enemy, gain Cold Blood for 10 sec. and increase movement speed by 2%. Stacks up to 1 time."
- Will to Survive: "Increases all Resistances by 2.5% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Icy Veins: "Reduces weapon recoil by 2.5% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Frosty Synapses: "Reduces quickhack cooldowns by 3% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Critical Condition: "Increases duration of Cold Blood by 5 sec."
- Rapid Bloodflow: "Increase Health regen inside and outside combat by 50% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Defensive Clotting: "Increases Armor by 10% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Working (Fixed, forgot for a while)
- Coldest Blood: "Increases max stack amount for Cold Blood by 1."
- Frozen Precision: "Increases headshot damage by 50%."
- Working.
- Without the cold blood perk as well. However the damage increase from my recordings were closer to 20-25% increase (cred to u/Anacra for the correction)
- Blood Brawl: "While Cold Blood is active, increases damage with melee weapons by 5%."
- Predator: "Increases attack speed by 10% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Partially working
- Works until you reach your weapon's attack speed cap.
- Quick Transfer: "Reduces quickhack upload time by 1% per stack of Cold Blood."
- Cold and Calculating: "Landing a Crit Hit has 25% chance of applying a stack of Cold Blood."
- Bloodswell: "When your Health reaches 45%, a max stack of Cold Blood is automatically activated."
- Coolagulant: "Stacks of Cold Blood are removed one by one, not all at once."
- Unbreakable: "Increases max stack amount for Cold Blood by 1."
- Pain Is An Illusion: "While Cold Blood is active, reduces damage taken by 5%."
- Immunity: "While Cold Blood is active, you are immune to Bleeding, Poison, Burn and Shock."
- Merciless: "While Cold Blood is active, increases Crit Chance by 10% and Crit Damage by 25%. +1% Crit Chance and +3% Crit Damage per Perk level."
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each way double odds calculator
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